DIPOL Weekly Review – TV and SAT TV, CCTV, WLAN

Wireless communication inside ICs.

The modern trend in electronics manufacturing is to move away from monolithic structures to systems composed of smaller, specialized components called chiplets. Each chiplet is manufactured separately and then integrated with others into a computing unit.
Chiplets are placed on a common substrate, which provides mechanical stability and provides connections between the various components. Standardization makes it possible for them to be combined and manufactured by different manufacturers, which is similar to building electronic circuits in a modular fashion, much like assembling LEGO bricks. As standardized components, they can be mass-produced in millions of units.

Traditionally, intra-chip communications were managed by a system called NoC (Network-on-Chip), which acts as an internal data “highway.” However, as systems become more complex, especially those consisting of multiple chiplets, this method becomes less efficient. Data must travel longer distances through more network nodes, which slows transmission down and increases energy consumption.

To solve these issues, researchers are exploring the possibility of wireless communication between chiplets. Instead of relying on wires, chiplets could communicate wirelessly using miniature antennas. Terahertz (THz) waves, which are electromagnetic waves with frequencies between infrared and microwaves, offer high data transmission speeds, making them ideal for this application. Unfortunately, THz signals are highly susceptible to interference, making both communication and decoding of transmitted data difficult.

To improve transmission quality, researchers use a technique called Floquet engineering, borrowed from quantum physics. This technique allows controlling the behavior of electrons in a materials with high-frequency signals. It makes the system more sensitive to specific frequencies, improving detection and decoding of THz signals, even under high noise conditions.

To further improve noise immunity, a dual-signaling architecture has been developed in which two receivers work together to monitor the signal. This allows the system to dynamically adjust key parameters to better cope with interference.

This innovative approach brings us closer to creating highly efficient, scalable and flexible computing systems that will drive the technologies of the future.

TRISET 302 cables – match the right F connector.

TRISET 302 coaxial cables come in several popular versions, each with a slightly different structure due to the material of the cable's outer sheath. The outer sheath of a coaxial cable can be made of synthetic PVC polymer (typical indoor cables), PE polyethylene sheath (outdoor cables), or LSZH plastic (Low Smoke Zero Halogen, cables with improved reaction to fire class: Dca, B2ca). Cables made with PVC technology are softer than the PE or LSZH types. When using hard sheathed cables, proper fitting of connectors is particularly important for comfort and speed of system.

F MASTER connectors for TRISET 302 line of cables are available in two sizes to suit the diameter and outer sheath of the cable. The table below will help you select the right connector for the selected cable model.

How to connect an IP camera when the network cable is missing?

The installation of cameras or other IP PoE devices in places where it is impossible or uneconomical to replace the existing wiring, and only 2 wires are available for transmission and power supply, is possible using special ETH10-2wire-SET J2842 converters.

The module on the DVR side of the ETH10-2wire-TX is powered from any PoE switch (RJ-45 port) and allows bi-directional network communication and power supply of the ETH10-2wire-RX module along with the PoE camera, via two wires of cable. Optionally, devices can be powered via POWER screw connectors.

The maximum cable length in the 2-wire path is 1000 m (for one pair of UTP cat. 5e). The maximum range of data transmission and PoE power supply depends on the type, length and cross-section of the cables used. The stability of transmission is also affected by the presence of other wires in the cable path and additional intermediate connections. The best performance and the longest transmission range can be achieved by using two single twisted-pair cables, such as one pair of twisted-pair UTP cable.

A camera or other PoE receiver can be connected to the RJ-45 port of the ETH10-2wire-RX module at the end of the line. If you connect the receiver to another switch or network adapter without PoE support, it is essential to disable PoE power by setting the jumper on the ETH10-2wire-RX receiver accordingly.

Industrial managed switch.

PoE ULTIPOWER switches are industrial devices that provide seamless network transmission. They allow connections at 10, 100 and 1000 Mbps. They have RJ-45 Ethernet ports supporting automatic connection speed negotiation. They also support Power over Ethernet (PoE). The switch automatically detects PD devices (Power Device) running on the IEEE 802.3af/at standard and provides them with power. This allows you to extend the reach of your network in places where outlets or power lines are not available, and where there is a need to place access points, IP cameras, IP phones, etc. Switches are equipped with either fiber optic ports or SFP slots.

Industrial switches are designed for use in industrial facilities where adverse environmental conditions are possible, such as increased dust, high or low temperature or high humidity. In the case of systems implemented on poles and in telecommunications manholes, it is also recommended to install industrial switches (in sealed enclosures). Switches have Ethernet ports (depending on the model Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet) for connecting IP camera or computers. ULTIPOWER industrial switches have IP40 rating (protection against access to hazardous parts, protection against solid foreign objects with a diameter greater than 1 mm). All ports support PoE (the switch has to be powered with 48 VDC). The switches are also equipped with an SFP port to convert the transmission medium to fiber.

The use of industrial switches increases the reliability of such a system, as they are more resistant to surges and harsh weather conditions. In addition, a fiber optic cable routed between two poles effectively galvanically isolates the two camera point locations.

Thanks to the management function, the transmission is further protected against accidental loops in the network, and thanks to the use of VLANs, the monitoring network is separated from other network devices, which significantly improves security in such a network.

Communication ranges between devices in a 2-Wire HD Hikvision video door entry system.

Hikvision's 2-Wire HD video door entry modular system is an excellent solution for creating video door entry systems with high functionality based on a transmission medium in the form of a two-wire cable. The system is characterized by the flexibility of creating systems and the fact that the configuration of the addressing of devices is done by hardware switches located on the back of the devices. This makes it much simpler to start up the system, even without network knowledge. This is an excellent solution when upgrading old intercom or video intercom systems that use a cable other than twisted-pair. When upgrading an old intercom with a 2-Wire HD system, knowledge of the type of wiring at the facility and whether the distances between devices are within those specified by the manufacturer is required.

The following table shows the communication distances between the various devices in a 2-Wire HD video door entry system, depending on the type of cable (straight or paired) and the cross-section of the wires. It is recommended that a maximum of two devices communicate in one cable. The maximum distance from the power distributor to the farthest monitor in the system must not exceed 200 m. After starting the system from the monitor, you can check the network signal strength on the communication bus in the tab: Settings-> General Settings -> Detecting Cable.

Why are fiber FC connectors sometimes problematic?

Fiber optic technology provides for the use of various types of connectors. Among the most popular are SC, LC, FC,E2000 and ST, used most often in various types of industrial apparatus and equipment. The popular opinion on FC-type connectors is that it is the most secure type of connection due to the threading. Meanwhile, it can cause a lot of problems for novice installers.

Crucially, the plug must be placed correctly during installation. Only one relative position of the plug and the socket permits to slide the guide smoothly into the socket groove. Should it be shifted, the plug and the socket will not be connected correctly; a gap between them will make signal transmission impossible.

Note also that FC connectors are the only ones that leave the installer the opportunity to adjust the distance between the plug and the socket (thread). In specific situations, it turns out that with selected active devices, their natural, as it would seem, installation results in the absence of a signal in the system, then the plug should be minimally unscrewed, which will reduce the pressure of the ferrule on the receiving side. Such cases have been recorded several times in fiber-optic TV/SAT systems, where the devices were usually equipped with this type of interface.

Power meter and VFL in Sendun SD-9+ splicer. The Sendun SD-9+ L5877 splicer has a built-in optical power meter and visual fault locator (VFL). Both tools can be extremely useful when installing systems based on fiber optic cables. However, it happens that installers, misinterpreting their functionality, try to use them to measure the attenuation of an optical link (the so-called transmission method)...>>>more