DIPOL Weekly Review – TV and SAT TV, CCTV, WLAN

Figure AI – or robots are replacing humans.

Human robots are becoming the next machines to use artificial intelligence. In the near future, robots that resemble humans in appearance and use advanced artificial intelligence solutions may start assembling BMW cars in the US on their own. However, this is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to potential possibilities. Behind this innovative concept is startup Figure, which is already valued at billions of dollars and has just raised significant development funding from leading technology players.

Microsoft, OpenAI, Nvidia and Amazon will subsidize the startup with $675 million. Valued at $2.6 billion. In addition, Figure AI has signed a contract with Microsoft for network infrastructure for machine learning models, which will provide them with solid technology support to achieve their ambitious goals. The projects and partnerships reinforce Figure AI's position as a key player in the growing field of technology related to robotics and artificial intelligence.

Figure AI representatives believe that their humanoid robots, capable of, for example, moving boxes onto a conveyor belt, could reduce labor shortages and handle up to 10 million "undesirable or hazardous" jobs in the United States alone.

Forecasts suggest that by 2030, the US manufacturing sector will have 2.1 million unfilled jobs. The startup signed a contract with BMW in January, marking its first commercial deal to deploy robots in the carmaker's factories in the US. Test deployments are expected to take place later this year.

LTE/5G frequencies.

Depending on the needs, LTE networks can support frequencies from 700 MHz to 2.6 GHz (large urban areas). In Europe, the most commonly used frequencies are: 800 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz and 2600 MHz. In addition, bandwidth allocation for 5G services should be mentioned: 3400–3800 MHz and 700 MHz. The allocation of these bands is done in many European countries.

When choosing an antenna, it is worth buying one that is prepared to work in all bands – so that the router can aggregate multiple bands. This will guarantee the best possible reception. One of the recommended antennas is the TRANS-DATA 5G KYZ 10/10 A741027_5. It is a MIMO directional antenna designed for outdoor installation. It is dedicated to receiving and transmitting signals from LTE/5G modems. The antenna offers a gain of 9.5 to 11 dBi (depending on the band).

DVB-T2/C in the optical fiber.

Fiber optic DVB-T2/C signal transmission providers usually use traditional transmitters and optical receivers, such as the mo418 R82522 transmitter and OD-005P R81760 receiver. Such connections use only separated cables with single-mode fibers, and the division of the signal to deliver it to different locations is carried out using passive optical splitters.

An alternative solution is to convert the DVB-T2/C signal (coming, for example, from a headend) into an IP stream, transmit it over a traditional fiber-optic network (so-called active Ethernet), and then convert it back into DVB-T form. For such signal conversion, you can use:

The IP stream itself can be transmitted via a fiber optic cable connecting any Ethernet devices - media converters, switches with SFP modules, etc. The advantage of such a solution is the possibility of transmission in both single-mode and multimode networks. Signal splitting is done on traditional switches, so in most cases there is no need to modify the existing network.

Optical attenuators – where and how to use.

Optical attenuators are passive elements of the optical path designed to reduce signal level and adjust it to the receiver sensitivity level. Systems with multimode optical fibers do not use attenuators for practical reasons – they do not have high power transmitters and use of attenuators is not necessary. They are usually used for short sections based on single-mode fibers.

To establish whether it is necessary to use an attenuator in a specific case, the optical power budget has to be checked. The transmitter power and receiver sensitivity, as well as the attenuation of the optical path between them are required. In theory, before proceeding with the installation, we can determine the expected attenuation values. The principles and sample calculations are shown in the Fiber optic line power balance library. However, the actual attenuation of the optical path can be measured only after placing the cables in a real system, using a stable light source and professional optical power meter.

Attenuators should always be installed at the receivers' inputs. The first reason is convenience - it is better to measure the actual signal level at the input of the receiver and adjust the attenuation to the desired level. The second reason is the fact that each attenuator reflects some part of the incoming signal. This part will be additionally attenuated by the link, before returning to the transmitter.

Access control system for two two-way controlled passages.

The purpose of an access control system is to prevent intruders from entering protected areas. A diagram of the access control system for two double-sided controlled passages is shown below. The heart of the system is the DS-K2602T(O-STD) G75016 dual-passage controller performing the control function to which all devices are connected. On both sides of the door, readers with DS-K1107AMK G75662 keypads operating in the Mifare (13.56 MHz) standard are mounted. Reversible electric strikes XS12R G74232 are connected to the controller via emergency exit buttons K7PEB. When the exit button is pressed, the circuit connecting the controller to the electric strike is interrupted which causes the door to open. B-3A G3522 reed switches are mounted on the doors, which transmit information about the status of door opening to the controller. During the configuration process, the installer assigns user privileges, such as the method of authorization (e.g. card, pin), access rights to a particular door, schedule, etc. so that users can move around the building according to their assigned rights. A history of events is also stored in the controller.

Building a house – what cabling for the Internet? Given the progressive development of technology, changes in the offerings of service providers, as well as technical innovations appearing on the market, the recommended method of building cabling is very different from that of a few years ago. Facing the task of designing Internet cabling, while planning the installation, you have to take into account several factors that may influence the final layout of the cables. Laying too few cables or choosing wrong type of cable can cause significant limitations in the future. On the other hand, it is important to consider the economic factor and not to plan too many cables that will never be used. So how do you currently wire your home correctly...>>>more