DIPOL Weekly Review – TV and SAT TV, CCTV, WLAN

Linux and Microsoft are working on a new version of the...Internet.

These days, the way the Internet is used is changing. Increasingly, users make use of cloud-based services or take advantage of the possibilities offered by artificial intelligence. This, however, may cause performance problems for the Ethernet-based Internet in the future. The current network protocols and standards that form the basis for Internet connections were developed decades ago and need some improvements.

In order to modernise Ethernet, the Ultra Ethernet Consortium has been established, which will eventually deal with the development of the standard of the same name. The Internet is not owned by one person, which is why The Linux Foundation, the originator of the concept, has invited representatives from companies such as: Microsoft, AMD, Arista, Broadcom, Cisco, Meta, Eviden, HPE and Intel. The companies will spend the next few years developing a new version of the Internet.

According to a statement by the chairman of the newly established consortium, Dr J Meta, fundamental changes to the Ethernet standard will not be necessary. What is required are some improvements that will enhance its performance. It is mainly expected that numerous improvements will be implemented at the software level. Note that the founding companies complement each other perfectly with knowledge and experience in the four main network layers: physical, link, transport and software.

Setting up a satellite dish with a QUATRO type LNB

To ensure proper satellite TV reception many people, fearing to set up and install a satellite dish on their own, use the services of an expert with a professional meter. In fact, this is not a simple task for an inexperienced DIY enthusiast, and the proper adjustment of the antenna dish has a key impact on the quality of satellite signal reception. If the satellite signal is supplied to several receivers, multiswitches are used, to which cables from a quatro LNB should be connected. Such system requires 4 cables to be connected. An ideal solution in such a situation is to use the Signal ST-5155 R10155 meter.

Hikvision EasyIP Lite series of cameras with motion detection 2.0.

Dipol now offers EasyIP Lite series cameras with motion detection algorithm 2.0. This function was previously available in higher series such as Easy IP 2.0+ and EasyIP 4.0. Motion detection 2.0 allows detected objects to be filtered for human or vehicle silhouettes, which results in increased efficiency of the overall system by reducing the number of false alarms that reach the user. Once the filter is turned off, detection can continue as before, detecting all objects. With Motion Detection 2.0, recordings stored on an NVR supporting this technology can be quickly searched for a human or vehicle silhouette without having review hours of footage. Easy IP Lite series cameras equipped with this algorithm are designated "DS-2CD1xx3G2-I".

How to expand the system to amplify the GSM signal?

For systems that are to provide an adequate GSM signal level in multiple rooms (and/or on multiple floors), the signal coming from a GSM repeater, e.g. A6785, must be split and multiple antennas must be used. A GSM splitter that operates at frequencies from 800 to 2500 MHz and has an impedance of 50 ohm is used for that.

Depending on the specific installation, the following splitter models can be used:

• two-way A6812,
• three-way A6813,
• four-way A6814.

The maximum number and type of splitters depends on output signal strength of GSM repeater. It is the resultant of several factors, among others: signal strength outside the building, gain of outdoor antenna, attenuation of the cables and connectors, and the amplifier gain. The best rule of thumb is to use one two-way splitter in the case of strong signal outside a building, using GSM-305 A6765 repeater. For GSM-505 A6775 it is possible to use 2-3 antennas, whereas for the GSM-1205 A6785 repeater, the signal can be branched even to 4-5 antennas. The radius of the amplified signal beam from each antenna is about 8-9 m (excluding obstacles like walls).

The diagram of the installation below shows the use of three-way splitter A6813 to connect indoor antennas located on each floor of the building.

Coding of fiber optic cables according to DIN/VDE0888.

The coding and interpretation of fiber optic cables is quite a challenge for installers, as well as for those involved in fiber optics business. The difficulty has to do with the complexity of cable coding (usually composed of many letters), the lack of knowledge on how to interpret specific codes, as well as the simultaneous presence of two different coding practices, i.e. the European DIN/VDE standard along with another standard used locally. In Poland, for instance, it is based on the standards of the leading cable manufacturer, Telefonika.

The standard also requires that the name should include two extra pieces of information: core and sheath diameter, as well as the fiber standard. For the cable in question, these figures would be 9/125 OS2, respectively. However, producers often leave out that data.

Good practices: the use of coloured pigtails in fibre optic systems. Fiber optic cables are typically terminated by splicing pigtails to its fibers. Typical colors of pigtails, are yellow for single-mode pigtails (possibly white for G.675B3 fibers) and orange for multimode fibers (turquoise for OM3 fibers, purple for OM4 fibers).
The use of other colors – particularly for single-mode systems, is a good practice that improves the aesthetics of the workmanship and allows easier identification of individual fibers or fiber pairs in the case of duplex transmission...>>>more