DIPOL Weekly Review – TV and SAT TV, CCTV, WLAN

Enhancing security at the Mardi Gras mass event using new technology.

Mardi Gras is the last day of Carnival celebrated in Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States and many other countries around the world, often under other names. Celebrated this year on February 21, in Sydney it coincided with another massive event gathering huge numbers of participants – the World Pride festival. Therefore, the Sydney authorities, in order to ensure the safety of participants, implemented a number of new measures related to monitoring of mass events.

For the events, organizers of both events installed CCTV cameras in the city with advanced data analysis software to monitor the mood and density of the crowd. In addition, they used technology that counts cell phones by measuring radio frequency to collect data on the number of people. The technology was first used two months ago during the New Year's Eve event, which is known to gather huge numbers of tourists from around the world in Sydney.

Event organizers were mindful of the recent tragic events in Seoul during a Halloween celebration, where 159 people were killed in a surging crowd. The use of CCTV software is therefore justified solely on security grounds. It neither collects nor collects any personal data. Moreover, the festival organizers used the analysis of data from participants' cell phones to identify potential threats and carry out necessary interventions. All this, however, while maintaining the full anonymity of citizens. The idea is to use cell phone pinging technology in a specific area. In this method, only the cell phones in the area are counted.

Controlling the second relay with a password in Hikvision's modular IP video door stations.

JIf a keypad is connected to the door stations of a modular IP video door entry system (DS-KD8003-IME1 G73652) or the 2-wire one (DS-KD8003-IME2 G73644), it is possible to control the first or second relay built into the door station with a password. In order to control the second relay, the door station must be updated to firmware version 2.2.62. After entering the settings of the door station from the iVMS-4200 application, go to Door phone → Settings and select the option to add a password. During the adding process, it will be possible to assign a password and select the relay that will be triggered when it is used. Up to 16 public passwords can be added directly at the door station.

Single-mode fiber standards.

Unless specific guidelines are specified, fibers made in accordance with the recommendation of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defining the G652.D single-mode fiber standard, should be the first choice at the design stage of a single-mode fiber network. The recommendation describes the geometrical, mechanical and transmission properties of the fiber and ensures that the cable can be used in the 1310 nm and 1550 nm operating wavelength range. European standards EN 50173-1 and ISO/IEC-11801, which define single-mode fiber categories: OS1 (OS1a) and OS2, are in line with these recommendations. There are other variations of G.652 (A through C) that are now considered legacy fiber standards because they do not meet the full range of modern requirements, such as CWDM and DWDM wave multiplexing-based transmissions.

With the demand for ever-increasing fiber coverage and the resulting limitations, network contractors are increasingly demanding single-mode fiber that will work in confined spaces with tighter cable routing and smaller bending radii. In this case, cables with G.657.A1 or G.657.A2 fibers may be a good choice. Cables that meet either of these standards are often referred to as BI (Bend Insensitive) or RBS (Reduce Bend Sensitive) fiber optic cables, meaning they are resistant or insensitive to bending.

Very importantly, G.652.D, G.657.A1 and G.657.A2 fibers have the same physical size – both the core, mean-field modulus (MFD) and sheath described in the recommendations are identical. This fact makes G.657 family fibers fully compatible with G.652 fibers. This contradicts the often-heard opinion that these fibers should not be combined with each other. In practice, this is practically unavoidable in today's networks, since network buses are based mainly on G.652D fibers, while subscriber access is usually implemented using cables with BI or RBI fibers.

The ITU standard divides cables into two G.657 categories: category A for access networks and category B used in the last segment of the network, for example in an apartment where space is even more limited. Within categories A and B, G.657 is further divided into: G.657.A1 i G.657.A2 and G.657.B2 i G.657.B3. From a practical point of view, the differences between the standards are limited to the minimum bending radius that can be made on each fiber:

To make a point, the minimum bending radius of G.652D fibers is 30 mm. So the differences are significant and the advantage of G.657 family fibers is highlighted in small switches, boxes, couplers and small splice trays. However, these fibers should not be exaggeratedly glorified and treated as absolutely superior to G.652D. Quite the contrary, where it is not necessary, it is worth relying on fiber optics with G.652D fibers, which have been used by operators for years. It is also worth noting that in practice, B3 fibers, although inherently compatible with fibers of other categories, cause a lot of problems during splicing, so it is worth taking advantage of their benefits by using ready-made patchcords terminating a given network.

House amplifiers in SMATV systems.

One of the key parts of a coaxial path in cable networks are broadband amplifiers. They are mainly designed to amplify the higher frequency RF signal so as to enable its further distribution (loss compensation on passive network elements: cabling, splitters, sockets). Broadband amplifiers are devices enabling the transmission of signals in the forward (to the subscriber) and reverse (from the subscriber) directions. The implementation of 5G technology on the released 700 MHz band, so far used by DVB-T digital terrestrial television, resulted in the expansion of DIPOL offering with models of house amplifiers with an integrated signal filter LTE 700.

The table below shows several examples of Terra's building TV amplifiers along with their basic parameters. Each of them amplifies the signal in the band up to 694 MHz, so they are ready to work in systems built in 5G network coverage areas in the band above 700 MHz.

Antenna for LTE signal enhancement.

Wireless Internet access services provided by mobile network operators are an increasingly popular access method chosen by subscribers. Depending on the transmitter and mobile operator, wireless access services can be provided using different data transmission techniques.

When selecting an antenna, it is important to obtain information on the location of the nearest transmitters emitting signals in a particular standard. Such information is provided by customer service offices of the respective operators. It is also worth to verify the frequency of emission assigned to a particular service.

If the base station supports several bands, e.g. LTE800, LTE180, LTE2100, and the router has an aggregation function, a broadband antenna should be used (this is the antenna most often recommended by Dipol to receive LTE networks in Poland in almost 100%).

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