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No. 15/2022 (April 11, 2022)
The first, the so-called "low band" in the 700 MHz band is expected to provide communications with the greatest range. The highest band, around 26 GHz (millimeter wave range), will carry huge amounts of data over very short distances. The last band, 3.6 GHz, is the most versatile – it combines range with bandwidth.
Other European countries are gradually freeing up frequencies previously occupied by other services, such as terrestrial TV, by locating 5G services on them. The Covid pandemic, as well as ongoing political and commercial disputes with Chinese equipment manufacturer Huawei (it is this company, among others, that supplies 5G base stations to Europe) have caused delays. In some countries, such as Poland, the 5G network currently uses 4G frequencies. Until the dedicated bands are used, the user will not be able to enjoy the full potential (speed) of the network.
Speed and coverage chart vs. frequency of 5G services
Once the bandwidth is available, another key element will be the new RF filtering technique to protect against harmful interference. Precise filtering is required to separate the signals of different networks. For a device to receive 5G, WiFi, Bluetooth, GPS, 2G, 3G, 4G, and many other signals, it must have as many as 100 filters.
Filters are one of the most essential components in every mobile device. Typical filters have an area of 1 mm2 and a thickness of 0.3 mm. The problem is the required number of them that is constantly growing. This poses a challenge of reducing their size while increasing performance.
There is no one-size-fits-all filtering technique. Most mobile RF filters use the piezoelectric effect. SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) filters, originally developed for 2G, are also used in 3G. Other filtering techniques, such as TC-SAW or BAW, became more important in the 4G era because they were more suited to the higher frequencies and wider bandwidth related to 4G.
Texas Instruments video demonstrating various signal filtering techniques, including the latest based on BAW (Bulk Acoustic Wave)
Current filters used in mobile devices use various types of materials and structures optimized for specific frequencies and bandwidths. None of them are obsolete, but they are not optimized for frequencies above 3 GHz. New filtering techniques, such as Resonant XBAR, are dedicated to frequencies above 3 GHz and for bandwidths above 500 MHz. For example, the WiFi 6E bandwidth is as wide as 1200 MHz (5925 MHz to 7125 MHz).
TRISET PLUS – A+ class cable.
Cabling is one of the key parts of any TV system. To be transmitted successfully, the signal needs to be isolated from interfering signals generated by power lines or parallel TV and SAT cables (crosstalk). Quality coaxial cable should ensure low insertion loss and high screening efficiency. This feature is tested in the 30-3000 MHz range and typically takes values from 45 to more than 120 dB. For high screening efficiency in SMATV systems, we recommend using the TRISET PLUS E1016 cable.
It has an inner cooper conductor with a diameter of 1.13mm and triple shield - Al/PET/SY foil (first) bonded to the dielectric + 81% density braid + Al/PET foil (second) bonded to the sheath.
TRISET PLUS E1016 complies with the A+ class requirements in the entire 30-3000 MHz frequency range. It also meets to a large extent the requirements for A++ class cables. The TRISET PLUS E1016 cable is recommended for use in systems with multiple antenna cables placed in parallel over a long distance or when power cables are located nearby.
Screening efficiency of the TRISET PLUS cable in the 30-3000 MHz range and requirements for the A+ and A++ class. TRISET PLUS meets the requirements of the A ++ class in the frequency range 1000-3000 MHz.
Facing the task of designing Internet cabling, while planning the installation, you have to take into account several factors that may influence the final layout of the cables. Laying too few cables or choosing wrong type of cable can cause significant limitations in the future. On the other hand, it is important to consider the economic factor and not to plan too many cables that will never be used. So how do you currently wire your home correctly?
Choice of cabling. The basic transmission medium used for building LANs should be copper twisted-pair cable. The use of fiber optics for transmission in the home will certainly not make sense in the next several years. In homes, it is recommended to use twisted-pair cables of 5e or 6 category. This type of cable allows to transmit data at speeds up to 1 Gbps, which will certainly prove sufficient over the next dozen or so years or even decades. Those with a larger budget can consider laying a category 6 twisted-pair cable, which allows to transmit data even up to 10 Gbps. Given the availability of devices working at a speed of 2.5 Gbps, such a twisted pair may prove to be a safer solution. Another issue is the choice between shielded and unshielded twisted pair. It may seem that a more expensive, shielded cable will always be a better solution, note however that the use of shielded cable imposes the use of shielded system components: wall sockets (the necessity of grounding) and active devices (shielded ports). Taking into account the price, availability and difficult installation of shielded cables and devices, and the fact that in a residential building the electromagnetic interference is not significant, it is recommended to lay unshielded twisted pair cable.
Cabling solution for a home LAN
Topology – how arrange? It seems optimal to lead one cable to each room in the house. It will give you the freedom to choose the location of the access point or to connect two access points without any problems when the range of one device is not sufficient. The ability to freely connect a computer or other device to a wired network may also prove important. Keep in mind that some applications may require cable connection for stable operation. This applies, for example, to streaming high-definition video or playing online games. When planning cabling, one should remember that the Internet is used today not only by personal computers. Twisted-pair cables have to be led to the places where TV sets, consoles and home theaters are installed. It is also worth thinking about one socket in the kitchen, bathroom or any other room.
Where to get the signal from? When building LAN network in a house you should consider potential sources of Internet access. Routing twisted-pair cable to the lowest building level enables easy connection of services from the local ISP providing traditional service, or – after installing a cable modem – from the cable network. One outdoor UTP/FTP cable leading to the roof will allow to access the Internet via radio (access point integrated with antenna). It is also worth to think about the wireless LTE network that is gaining popularity. Two 50 Ohm coaxial cables going to the roof will allow you to mount external antennas using MIMO technology and use the full potential of high-speed Internet.
Narrow electric strikes of Bira HARTTE series.
A series of HARTTE XS enhanced electric Bira strikes is now available. The XS series electric strikes are narrow and compact and are thus suitable for installation in narrow sections and door frames. Thanks to their symmetrical design, they are perfect for various types of left and right doors. The strike can be adjusted up to 3.5 mm. Radial shape means that it does go beyond outline of the electric lock and requires less drilling for faster and easier installation. Each model has a different functionality.Narrow Bira HARTTE XS 12V series strikes
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Manufacturers have been developing the HTML5-compatible, cross-browser software for a few years now, but they still face many problems, so some features are not active. July 2022 is coming fast – the deadline for the withdrawal of support for IE on Windows systems. Windows 10 with future update 21H2 will hide or block the ability to use IE, while Windows 11 does not allow the use of this browser. How to deal with this problem? The best solution for high compatibility and to save memory is to choose Microsoft Edge in the Internet Explorer mode. This ensures compatibility with ActiveX controls, or plug-ins, that you currently use. To switch to this mode, simply go to the browser settings after entering the IP address of your device and select "Reload in Internet Explorer mode".
TP-Link EAP access points are recommended for creating efficient and reliable Wi-Fi network in such a demanding environment as a school. The devices have a modern design and are easy to mount on walls or ceilings. The control application allows for real-time monitoring, graphical analysis of network traffic and simultaneous software updates on multiple devices.
An example of configuration and the use of an access point in such environment is shown below. From the point of view of a user connecting to the WiFi network, four networks will be visible (appropriate for a particular group of users):
- SP109_pupil - students' network
- SP109_teacher - teachers' network
- SP109_office - administrative staff's network
- SP109_guest - guests' network (coming after classes)
Cell phone network selection view
- The network for pupils (SSID: SP109_pupil)
- The network is open from the wireless data encryption point of view
- To log in, an individual login and password is required (this is to identify the student using the network resources)
- Logged users can only access the Internet (users cannot see one another)
- The network is available from 7:00 am to 4:00 pm
- Network for teachers (SSID: SP109_teacher)
- In order to log in you need to provide individual login and password – additional security to identify a teacher
- Logged-in users have access to the Internet and to the school's internal network (e.g. network projectors, printers, multimedia boards)
- Network is available 24/7
- Network for administration (SSID: SP109_office)
- The network is secured with WPA2-PSK protocol
- Logged-in users have access to the Internet network and to the internal network (e.g., printers, servers)
- Network is available 24/7
- Guest network (SSID: SP109_guest)
- The network is WPA2-PSK secure (password provided in school lobby or other prominent location)
- Logged users have access to the Internet only (users cannot see one another)
- Network is available from 4 pm to 6 am
- The network is secured with WPA2-PSK protocol
For more details on this solution, please see WIRELESS INTERNET AT SCHOOL WITH TP-LINK DEVICES.
 | Optical distribution frame: MINI ODF-DIN with 2xSC duplex distribution board L5310 is designed mainly for fiber optic cable crossing in places with limited space. Thanks to its small size and DIN rail (TS35) mounting bracket it can be installed in any rack. | |
 | PoE switch (extender ) ATTE xPoE-3-11A (1x WE PoE, 2x WY PoE) N29814 has been designed as an extender for LAN and PoE power supply. It regenerates the network signal and transfers PoE power to selected outputs. It is usually used as a "repeater" for extending a network over distances longer than 100 m. Additionally, it is ideal as an "active splitter" in situations, where on one cable we need to run several PoE receivers (e.g. several IP cameras) or when you need to create additional network branch. | |
 | TP-Link TL-SG1218MP 18xGE(16xPoE) 2xSFP 802.3af/at 250W PoE switch N299661 is equipped with 16 PoE 10/100/1000 Mbps ports supporting 802.3at/af. The total power budget of the ports is 192 W, which allows for providing power to multiple access points and/or IP cameras. In addition to that, the switch is equipped with two 10/100/1000 Mbps RJ45 ports and 2 gigabit combo SFP slots. The device enables high data throughput. The range of the data/PoE connections can be extended up to 250 m. | |
Worth reading
Multimode fiber and 10 Gbps transmission. Transmission at 10 Gbps is now becoming a standard in office areas, multi-family buildings and even home use. This speed is required not only in the backbone of the network, but also in the direct connection of end stations.
When deciding to use multimode fibers, remember that the ranges for 10 Gbps are limited. The most popular fiber standard MM om2 enables transmission at a speed of 10 Gbps over a maximum distance of 82 m, i.e. less than copper twisted pair category 6A certified for that speed (100 m according to the 10GBASE-T standard). This is can be really tricky to network designers or contractors who do not pay attention to the fiber standard in the cable used... >>>more
When deciding to use multimode fibers, remember that the ranges for 10 Gbps are limited. The most popular fiber standard MM om2 enables transmission at a speed of 10 Gbps over a maximum distance of 82 m, i.e. less than copper twisted pair category 6A certified for that speed (100 m according to the 10GBASE-T standard). This is can be really tricky to network designers or contractors who do not pay attention to the fiber standard in the cable used... >>>more
When using SFP+ 10 Gbps multimode modules in the network (above: L1425),
installers should adapt the fiber standard to the transmission distance
installers should adapt the fiber standard to the transmission distance
Signal Fire AI-8 AI-9 / AI-8C fusion splicers
