DIPOL Weekly Review – TV and SAT TV, CCTV, WLAN

5G will contribute to the development of 8K TV in China.

Chinese CCTV television wants to launch the broadcast of the Beijing Winter Olympics in 8K UHD resolution on several channels thanks to the development of 5G networks. CCTV has already managed to carry out a live test broadcast, displaying 8K images on thirty TV sets placed in public places in nine Chinese cities. This was the first such broadcast ever, and included the footage shot at the National Theater in Beijing.

China is a global leader in 5G deployment. It has built more than 700,000 base stations used by 180 million terminals. Shenzhen, with 46,500 base stations, was the first city to deploy 5G on a full scale in August 2020. Shanghai is also competing for full coverage, with 8,000 5G base stations to be deployed in 2021. The city wants to support the construction of smart factories and the development of e-commerce platforms. The average download speed on the 5G network is expected to reach 500 Mbps in the city. At the ongoing Mobile World Congress (MWC) Shanghai 2021, a demonstration of 8K UHD video streaming using a 5G base station was presented. A special 5G zone with 39 partners was set up at the conference to showcase the capabilities of the new technology, particularly its use in the upcoming Olympic Games.

How to integrate IP intercoms with a CCTV system?

Intercom cameras can be used as an additional video source for CCTV systems in order to collect more accurate information about the people who approach the gate. Thanks to their high resolution and short distance to the entrance, such cameras are able to capture human faces in greater detail.

An IP intercom camera can be added as an extra channel both to an analog and an IP DVR. Signal search is based on the same method as in the case of a regular IP camera. In addition, users can enable motion detection and set up appropriate alerts or video recording functions.

An integrated CCTV and analog monitoring system. The intercom camera signal is recorded on the DVR.

DVB-T2 signal measurement.

The first European country to begin official DVB-T2 broadcasting was the UK. A test with a TV transmitter was carried out by BBC Research & Development in June 2008. Currently, works on the introduction of digital DVB-T2 terrestrial television continue throughout Europe. In the European Union, DVB-T2 signal is broadcast in Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Belgium, Croatia, Romania and France (DVB-T broadcasting is planned to be switched off only in 2024). TV broadcasts in both DVB-T and DVB-T2 standards are carried out by broadcasters in the United Kingdom, Italy and the Scandinavian countries. In these countries, no cut-off date has been set for the DVB-T signal. In Poland, the transition from DVB-T to DVB-T2 is to take place by June 30, 2022.

Polish TVN station and the operator Emitel are testing television broadcasting in the DVB-T2/HEVC standard. Therefore, it was possible to measure this signal and test the capabilities of the Signal WS-6980 R10837 meter.

///The picture above shows the measurement of DVB-T2 signal performed with the Signal WS-6980 meter using DIPOL 28/5-12/21-60 DVB-T/T2 A2810 antenna. The measurements have been performed on channel 27 (frequency: 522 MHz). The signal has PWR = 69 dBµV and MER = 34.9 dB. Such values allow for trouble-free reception of terrestrial television on any TV set. In addition, the WS-6980 R10837 meter has a built-in tuner allowing to continuously monitor the set channel in the DVB-T2/HEVC standard.

Dead zones in OTDR measurements.

OTDR is an advanced measurement tool allowing detailed analysis of optical fibre routes. However, it has some limitations which make it impossible to capture certain events on the reflectogram. Advancing technology in the production of fiber optic components (connectors, pigtails, adapters) and splicers that make splices with practically no attenuation cause that many events are not visible to the OTDR: splices, since they have no attenuation and are treated as just another point in the fiber, and connectors, because their reflectance (the ratio of the power of the signal falling on the connector to that reflected from it) is so high that the OTDR does not register reflections from the connector. This is particularly the case with APC type connectors.

Apart from the above, the main reason for the lack of events on the reflectogram are the so-called dead zones. As the name suggests, these are sections of the measured fibre where the OTDR does not see events as a result of being blinded by a reflected impulse. Such zones will occur behind the connector: just behind the OTDR, as there is a measurement connector to which a runner plug is connected, and in the optical path where adapters are used. Mechanical splices are also reflective, so the area behind the splice will be "dead" and any events occurring behind it will be invisible to the OTDR.

The value of the minimum dead zone for a given device can be read from its data sheet or user manual. For example, for the L5828 OTDR it is: 3 m (event dead zone) and 8 m (attenuation dead zone). Definitions of both types of zones are presented below. It is worth mentioning here that the declared values are minimum values and depend mainly on the width of the measuring impulse.

The dead zone is the distance behind the connector where the OTDR does not see events. All events that enter the dead zone area will not be shown on the reflectogram. As shown in the figure above, the size of the zone depends primarily on the width of the measurement pulse used. For short pulses (measurement of short distances), the quality of the components of the device itself also becomes important.

Attenuation Dead Zone (ADZ)

The attenuation dead zone defines the minimum distance for which it is possible to measure a non-reflectance event occurring after a reflective event (e.g. a splice preceded by a joint). According to the definition, the point at which it is possible to re-recognize a non-reflectance event is taken as the place where the level of the backscattered signal behind the event increases by 0.5 dB (in the direction of the preceding event).

Event Dead Zone (EDZ)

The event dead zone defines the minimum distance for which it is possible to measure two reflectance events (e.g. two disconnect connectors). According to the definition, the point at which it is possible to once again recognize a reflectance event is taken to be where the signal level is 1.5 dB below the maximum reflection level.

Messaging tenants via Hikvision IP video intercom system.

The iVMS-4200 application allows you to send messages to selected tenants. It is particularly useful in more complex systems, as it allows you to quickly convey important information to all users (notification about breakdowns, maintenance activities or management-related issues). Messages can be sent after configuring the system, creating an organization, adding authorized users and assigning them to individual indoor station (completing the resident information). To do this, after starting the iVMS-4200 application, go to the tab:

After the available options are completed (message subject, type, photo, content) and confirming with the Send button, the message will be displayed on the monitors of the indicated subscribers.

Snapshot of the window for sending messages to selected subscribers of the IP video intercom system using the iVMS-4200 (v3) application

TRISET PLUS – halogen-free cable. From July 1, 2017 in the EU, all installation cables in buildings are considered to be construction products subject to applicable regulations. The CPR Directive requires manufacturers to develop and make available the Declaration of Performance (DoP), as well as to mark products covered by the relevant CE mark. The EN50575 specifies the requirements for: performance in fire conditions, test and evaluation methods for power, control and telecommunications cables used in buildings with a specific fire resistance class. With the introduction of the common European reaction to fire classes, designers and architects have at hand clear regulations regarding the use of the appropriate types of cables. In order to achieve a higher level of fire safety, cable manufacturers recommend using Dca class cables in multi-family buildings. The test methods for cables and wires and their reaction to fire are described in EN 50399:2011+A1:2016 (properties under fire, test methods). The fire class of the cable is to be identified in accordance with the guidelines of EN50575...>>>more

TRISET PLUS E1016_500 – reaction to fire class acc. to CPR – Dca-s2,d1,a1

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