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No. 38/2019 (Dec. 2, 2019)
A successor to 5G in the next 10 years?
While the implementation of 5G networks is still in its infancy in many countries, China is already thinking of next-generation technology. On 7 November, the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology announced the establishment of a working team to research and develop 6G networks, just days after commercial 5G services had been launched in the country. The Deputy Minister of Science and Technology, Wang Xi, said that 6G technology research is still "in the initial stage of exploration", which means that key indicators and application scenarios have yet to be drawn up. 6G networks are expected to offer transmission speeds of up to 1 Tbps, i.e. 10 times greater than those of 5G. This is not their only advantage, however. By using very high frequencies, in the order of THz, they will also allow to achieve a maximum delay of just 1 ms.
China is already working on 6G technology
6G is likely to be a post-smartphone technology, designed not so much for people as for intelligent devices. The successor to 5G is expected to tap the full potential of virtual reality; it will also be integrated with autonomous vehicles, smart cities, and satellite networks. Thanks to VR, the interface of these next-generation devices may be projected right in front of our eyes. The first 6G network will probably be created in South Korea, China, or the USA. Donald Trump has recently caused quite a stir with a tweet in which he expressed his hope that 5G, or even 6G, technology would be introduced in the US as soon as possible. 6G networks are to be made available to regular users around 2030.
A modern WiFi network at home!
DECO N3248 access points are dedicated for home use, providing a secure and flexible wireless solution that is easy to install and manage. WLAN configuration has been simplified with central management software. Automatic RF band steering makes the solution ideal for demanding home networks. The devices operate in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands.They also have a roaming function; separate Deco access points work together to create a single WiFi network. As you walk around your place, your phone or tablet will always connect to the Deco router that offers the best connection without interrupting data transfer. Two Deco M4 devices are enough to ensure wireless coverage for an area of 260 m2. If you need a greater range, more AP Deco devices may be added to the network.
Thanks to the DECO system, the user's phone or tablet
stays connected to the same wireless network at all times
stays connected to the same wireless network at all times
In contrast, if traditional access points are used, the connection is switched
between wireless networks as the user moves around the apartment
between wireless networks as the user moves around the apartment
OTDR measurements in fiber-optic systems.
Reflectometers are advanced tools typically used to measure the reflectance (the ratio of reflected optical power to the incident optical power) which corresponds with the return loss of connectors, and to determine the attenuation caused by all disturbances (events) in the optical path. Such measurements give a more complete picture of the tested section of the fiber-optic system and allow installers to test splices and adapter connections, as well as to rule out fiber damage that may have occurred during laying and rewinding operations.
A Grandway FHO3000 L5828 reflectometer.
Devices of this type are an invaluable tool to diagnose the causes of optical path failure.
Devices of this type are an invaluable tool to diagnose the causes of optical path failure.
Reflectometers average out and analyze a series of measurements. Rather than being measured directly, attenuation values are calculated by the software. More importantly, OTDR measurements do not include the attenuation of the last event in the tested fiber line, i.e. typically the meter connection to the line, which may have a significant impact on total attenuation. This dead zone can be eliminated with the use of a launch cable, which means, however, that the measurement will include the influence of this additional cable-to-line connection.
Even though reflectometers are advanced tools that offer many diagnostic advantages, the total attenuation of the optical path should be measured with the transmission method, i.e. using an optical power meter and a stable light source. Firstly, the method guarantees greater accuracy (as opposed to reflectometry, it measures actual attenuation), and secondly, the system can be calibrated to eliminate the attenuation at the start and the end points of the optical fiber. Every reflectometer is equipped with a power meter module, so there is no need to buy two separate devices.
A reflectogram is a graph that shows the power of the optical signal along the entire length of the tested fiber line. It allows the technician to determine what events occur in a given optical path and measure their transmission parameters (such as attenuation and reflectance). The image above illustrates the typical events represented by a reflectogram:
- A - beginning of the optical fiber line; a reflection peak caused by the measuring connector
- B - a falling curve representing signal attenuation in the optical fiber
- C - a fiber splice or bend
- D - a connection point
- E - end of the optical fiber line
F-type MASTER connectors in SMATV systems
F-type connectors are typically used for making connections in antenna systems based on coaxial cables with 75 Ω impedance. They are available in straight and angled versions, and find applications in over-the-air TV, SAT TV, and CATV installations, as well as CCTV systems. Their design and quality have a direct impact on the reliability, stability and performance of the connections, as well as signal loss and impedance matching. Top-quality MASTER compression connectors ensure long-term and reliable operation in even the harshest conditions.Appropriate design and excellent precision make them easy to install. Their precise thread eliminates problems with screwing the connectors onto sockets, which can happen with other plugs. The compression method of installation on cables provides high mechanical strength, tightness and stability over time. The straight connectors should be compressed with the E80075 universal compression tool, and the angle connectors with the E80078 tool.
F-type MASTER connectors
Low-cost monitoring with Hikvision EasyIP Lite cameras.
The picture below shows a CCTV system based on Hikvision's NVR and IP cameras from the EasyIP Lite series. The series stands out for excellent image quality and affordable prices. It supports basic alarm events such as motion and video tampering detection. The facility below is monitored by 2 MP cameras with 2.8 mm lenses and an EXIR 2.0 IR illuminator with a range of up to 30 m. The outdoor area relies on DS-2CD1023G0-I K17661 compact cameras, while DS-2CD1123G0-I K17262 ceiling cameras are used indoors. The M89271 Seagate 2 TB HDD can store surveillance data from all the cameras for 11 days (continuous recording with 2 MP resolution at 25 fps, 2 Mbps per channel, H.265). The system is powered from the N299851 PoE switch. Footage is recorded by an 8-channel Hikvision DS-7608NI-K2 K22074 IP NVR. A wireless router, e.g. TP-Link C2 AC900 N3255, can be installed to allow users to access the NVR via the local network and Wi-Fi.
IP CCTV system based on EasyIP Lite cameras
Can "ordinary" hard drives be used in CCTV Systems?
The hard drive is one of the key elements of any CCTV system. Its parameters dertermine the quality and reliability of image recording. However, hard drives employed for video monitoring work in different conditions than those used in PCs. In CCTV systems, data is recorded on a continuous basis and accounts for more than 90% of the disk load. Another great challenge is the need to simultaneously handle multiple data streams generated by individual cameras. PC hard drives are not only more fallible in CCTV environments, but also fail to ensure the adequate performance to handle multiple cameras.PC hard drives:
- are designed to read and write small data blocks and handle random transfers of up to 60 TB/year,
- have a working time limited to 8 hours per day, 5 days a week,
- are not designed to handle multiple cameras,
- don't have rotational motion sensors or the RAID function, which are required in multiple-disk systems,
- don't have power management functions and cannot work in high heat conditions.
In contrast to PC drives, Seagate's SkyHawk HDDs are optimized to work with CCTV systems. They:
- are designed to support 24/7 surveillance workloads all year round,
- have a workload rate limit of up to 550 TB/year,
- spend 90% of the time taking in streams, with the remaining 10% dedicated to playback,
- support footage from multiple cameras without the risk of losing image frames,
- ensure reliability, vibration resistance, and high performance in multiple-disk systems,
- have advanced power management functions,
- come with a built-in SkyHawk Health Management software that actively protects surveillance storage by focusing on prevention, intervention, and recovery options.
 | PI012 TERRA Power separator B4060 is intended for use with dSCR/Unicable multiswitches (powered via the main signal bus cables) and features a DC pass (20 V, 800 mA). Its die-cast housing ensures high screening performance by preventing the penetration of interfering signals into the unit. | |
 | ISC-BDL2-WP12GE BOSCH Dual Motion Detector Released in the Blue Line Gen2 TriTech series, G3019 relies on microwave (MW) and passive infrared (PIR) technology, combined with advanced digital signal processing. When pet-friendly selectivity is turned on, the detector will ignore signals caused by animals up to 45 kg and thus avoid the risk of pet-generated false alarms. | |
 | U-LNB (800/900) Corab clamping ring A9890 is an LNB holder dedicated for Corab dishes. | |
Latest news
Another training session at DIPOL has finished. In the fall semester, DIPOL's technical support engineers taught a total of 12 training courses, attended by 170 installers, who took up almost all the available spots. The courses are free and no deposit is required, and yet attendance equaled almost 100%. Our students deserve a heartfelt "thank you" for the appreciation they showed for our organizational efforts and the technical preparation of our teachers. Our courses stand out for their high quality since all teachers delegated by the Technical Support Department are producer-certified trainers. Importantly, their syllabuses put an emphasis on practice, which is why every team is supplied with its own equipment.
For the first time this year, installers were invited to attend a course devoted to fiber-optic SMATV systems. Based on a good groundwork of theory, participants put their heads together to design a complete fiber-optic system using Terra and Signal devices, and constructed an optical path, along with fiber splicing, equipped with four Signal Fire fusion splicers. DIPOL is the only Polish distributor of these machines.
The session also included the first ever round of three one-day courses devoted to Hikvision HCSA. Over six hours, participants were served a solid dose of theory, single-handedly configured an NVR and its cameras (also through the iVMS-4200 app), and, at the end, completed an online test to earn a Hikvision HCSA certificate.
Go to our course page to browse our past and future courses and trainings. The spring season starts in February 2020.
Join us!
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Fiber-optic SMATV systems - from design to implementation.
Kraków, November 2019.
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In 2019, the K22364 recorder was used to build an extensive surveillance system
in the building and on the practice lot of a driver examination center.
in the building and on the practice lot of a driver examination center.
Vertical mounting system in 19" RACK cabinets
