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No. 32/2019 (October 21, 2019)
Quantum Internet is getting closer.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck, financially supported by the US Army, were the first to achieve a record of quantum entanglement transfer between matter and light, reaching a distance of 50 kilometers with the use of fiber optic cables. This paves the way to the practical application of quantum networks and is a big step towards a future quantum internet, many times faster than any conventional data transmission network.
Entanglement is a correlation that can be created between qubits, the smallest indivisible units of quantum information. When two qubits are entangled and one of them is measured, it affects the result of the second qubit, even if the other qubit is physically far away. Intercity quantum networks would consist of distant nodes of physical qubit networks, entangled in spite of their large physical separation. The researchers are convinced that such distributed entanglement is necessary to create a quantum internet.
The research team began the experiment with a calcium atom trapped in an ion trap. Using laser beams, the scientists recorded the quantum state in the ion and at the same time stimulated it to emit a photon in which quantum information was stored. As a result, the quantum states of the atom and light particle were entangled. The challenge was the transmission of the photon using fiber optic cables. The photon emitted by the calcium ion has a wavelength of 854 nanometers which would be quickly absorbed by the optical fiber. So, the wavelength of the photon was converted to 1550 nm in a non-linear crystal illuminated by a strong laser. Then, the scientists sent the photon through a 50 km fiber. Their measurements show that the molecules of the atom and light were still entangled even after the wavelength conversion and the path traveled.
The choice of calcium atoms means that these results also provide a direct path to the implementation of a tangled network of atomic clocks deployed over a large physical area, since calcium can be trapped with a high quality "clock" qubit. Large-scale networks of entangled clocks are very interesting for the army due to the needs for precise positioning, navigation and timing.
Kidde detectors for carbon monoxide and smoke.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a highly toxic, colorless and odorless gas, lighter than air and easily mixing and spreading with it. The gas is produced in the processes of incomplete combustion of natural gas, liquid and solid fuels, due to insufficient amount of oxygen. Such situations may occur in homes and other facilities especially in winter, when the residents/users close tightly windows to prevent heat escape. CO accumulates in the body, which means that long-term inhalation of low concentrations can cause symptoms hazardous to health and life. So, the Kidde detectors, in compliance with EN 50291-1: 2010 standard, monitor both temporary and long-term concentrations of the poisonous gas:- 30 PPM - alarm after 120 minutes
- 50 PPM - alarm between 60-90 minutes
- 100 PPM - alarm between 10-40 minutes
- 300 PPM - alarm within 3 minutes
Kidde detectors have certificates of compliance with EN 50291-1: 2010 for home CO detectors. Some of the detectors are also compliant with EN 50291-2: 2010, so they are suitable for applications in trailers, campers or on boats. The compliance with these standards has been confirmed by an independent research unit - British Standard Institute (BSI).
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It is very important to protect homes against the fatal risk, especially in fall and winter. DIPOL offers both carbon monoxide and smoke detectors, as well as combination devices. CO detectors with LCD displays have more diagnostic and information options. The offer includes 5CO G9583 detectors (without display), 5DCO G9985 detectors (with display) powered by three AA 1.5 V batteries and with 7-year lifespan of their sensors from the moment of activation. The 7DCO G9587 detector is also powered by three AA 1.5 V and has the lifespan extended to 10 years. The 10LLDCO G9589 detector with LCD display has built-in battery with service life identical with the lifespan of the sensor (10 years). The offer is complemented by thei9040EU G9591 smoke detector, plus the 10SCO G9995 combination CO and smoke detector, powered from 9 V batteries, with sensor lifespans of 3 and 10 years, respectively. The devices automatically alert users of the need to change the batteries. Each of the detectors has to be replaced by a new one after the end of the guaranteed life of the sensor.
New ULTIPOWER switches with PoE Auto Check function.
The ULTIPOWER PRO0064afat PoE switch is a desktop device enabling smooth data transmission in 10/100 Mbps Ethernet networks. Its six RJ45 ports support auto-negotiation function, four of them provide power over Ethernet (PoE function). The switch automatically detects PD devices compliant with IEEE 802.3af or IEEE 802.3at standard and provides them with power supply. This feature allows the user to expand the network coverage in areas where there is no access to AC power lines/outlets and to deploy access points, IP cameras, IP phones, etc. The total power consumption of the connected PoE devices cannot exceed 65 W.
PoE Switch ULTIPOWER PRO0064afat (65W, 6xRJ45 incl. 4xPoE 802.3af/at, PoE Auto Check) N299781
The PoE Auto Checkfunction performs automatic power restart of a non-responsive device (NOTICE: the function must be switched off for software updates of the connected devices). The function is very useful in simple IP CCTV systems, where in the case of communication problem with a camera, the switch turns off and on the power supply from the PoE port used by the camera.
Example application diagram
Avoiding errors in fiber optic transmission measurements.
A problem with proper fiber optic network diagnostics using an optical power meter is a common case. The correct measurement method is one that allows the user to check the actual attenuation of only the section of the network that is to be actually used for the transmission (without the influence of additional attenuation of connection cables, measuring patch cords, connectors etc.). A necessary condition is also a constant and known signal level from the optical power source.Installers often forget about these basic rules, making two main mistakes during the measurements:
- As signal sources, they use "random" SFP modules or media converters. Such devices can generate output signals with different power levels. Even SFP modules with the same basic parameters (transmission range, speed) can generate signals with levels varying in the range of up to 5 dB (output power of an SFP module intended for 20 km link may differ in the range of -8 ...- 3 dBm). In addition, the levels of signals generated by such modules may be not stable, the fluctuations can reach 0.5 dB. The installer deciding on measurements with such a source, each time should measure the signal at the device output using a short patch cord in order to compare it with the signal after passing the measured optical fiber.
- They do not take into account the attenuation of the measuring patch cords connected to the distribution frames or cable ends, so that the total measurement results may differ significantly from the actual attenuation of the optical paths to be used for transmission.
Calibration of the measuring system
In the latter case, the installer should use the reference mode available in majority of meters, at the beginning measuring the attenuation of patch cords only. Most optical power meters can remember the calibration value as a reference point (0 dB). Then, such meter will show only the attenuation of the tested segment
It should be noted that the standard attenuation of short patch cords is about 0.2 dB, which is not a great threat to the measurement accuracy. However, it may happen that a patch cord gets dirty or damaged. It is not uncommon to encounter a situation in which the measurement suggests attenuation of 10 dB (e.g. instead of the expected value of 1 dB). Then it turns out that the problem was in the patch cords used.
Virtual Host function in Hikvision NVRs.
PoE standard provides the most convenient way to connect IP cameras to the video monitoring system. It simplifies the installation process (one cable for power and data transmission). The cameras are powered from a PoE switch, which can be an independent device or the component of the NVR. Solutions with a PoE switch or PoE NVR are especially popular in systems with a simple architecture. Cameras are connected on a Plug and Play basis (the NVR directly activates the cameras), and most parameters are set through the NVR. The cameras operate in an internal, isolated network and cannot be accessed directly from the outside.
Small IP CCTV system based on PoE technology
List of cameras connected to an NVR. The links in the last column allowing connections with the IP cameras are visible only if the virtual host function is enabled.
If access to the cameras is necessary (e.g. to configure advanced functions not supported from the NVR), a special function called Virtual Host should be enabled. The function can be activated remotely (via a web browser or iVMS-4200 – in the "Other" tab, in advanced network settings). Then, the NVR performs routing between the selected camera and other devices. The connection uses a special 6500x port, where x is the channel number.
Mounting TERRA MR-9xx radial multiswitches in RACK cabinets.
The ZMD-1 R77311 front assembly component is composed of two elements. It has holes dedicated for mounting TERRA MR-xxx multiswitches (spacing of holes: height 120 mm, width 100/140/180 mm). The set includes M5x10 screws and nuts needed for mounting a multiswitch. The vertical spacing of the elements is chosen so that the cables connected to the multiswitch input connectors have enough space to maintain the minimum bending radius. It is even possible to install Signal R48602 surge protectors. The set includes eight screws with caged nuts, used to assemble the unit in the cabinet.
Front assembly component ZMD-1 R77311 for installing TERRA MR-xxx multiswitches
Terra MR-932 multiswitch mounted in a RACK cabinet on the RACK board ZMD-1 component. Each input of the multiswitch is protected with TV-Sat Surge Protector Signal R48602.
 | Compact IP Camera: Hikvision DS-2CD2085FWD-I(B) K17598 is dedicated for professional IP CCTV systems. The compact (bullet) camera has been equipped with 8 MP 1/2" CMOS sensor providing good video coverage even in low-light conditions. Along with IR illuminator with range up to 30 m, the camera can also operate in complete darkness. The built-in 2.8 mm lens has 102° viewing angle. The IP67-rated housing of the camera protects the electronics against adverse weather conditions. The camera can be powered conventionally with a 12 VDC source or with the use of PoE option (802.3af). | |
 | Antenna Impedance Transformer/Balun (ch. 21-60, F-f) C0006 functions as an intermediate device matching the impedance of the antenna and the cable, and ensuring the change from the balanced to unbalanced condition. | |
 | PoE Switch ULTIPOWER PRO00208afat N299851 is a desktop device enabling smooth data transmission in Ethernet networks. Its all RJ45 ports support auto-negotiation function, eight of them (10/100 Mbps) can provide power over Ethernet (PoE function), the other two ports support 10/100/1000 Mbps data rates. The switch automatically detects PD devices compliant with IEEE 802.3af or IEEE 802.3at standard and provides them with power supply. This feature allows the user to expand the network coverage in areas where there is no access to AC power lines/outlets and to deploy access points, IP cameras, IP phones, etc. The total power consumption of the connected PoE devices cannot exceed 120 W. | |
Worth reading
Quick access to Hikvision devices. Using the Hik-Connect application, you can easily share the access to any Hikvision CCTV device with the use of QR codes. The camera or DVR/NVR can be added to your Hik-Connect application (to your or guest account). You will appreciate the usefulness of such a solution when, for example, you want to provide the access for family members. A strong point is also the possibility to withdraw the access privilege at any time... >>>more
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The generated QR code and Sharing Details screen
New video: streaming from IP cameras on televisions
