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No. 34/2018 (Oct. 29, 2018)
7 nm chips from Samsung.
Samsung Foundry announced the start of production of chips in 7LPP technology (7 nm, Low Power Plus) using the so-called extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). The manufacturer claims that the new manufacturing technology allows reducing the surface of the chipsets by 40% or the energy consumption by 50% at the same complexity level and frequency, or obtaining 20% higher efficiency at the same complexity and power consumption levels, all compared to 10LPE technology. As a result, future flagship mobile devices equipped with SoC (System On Chip) circuitry created in the new lithography can gain greater efficiency or work much longer due to a lower energy demand.
The new Samsung's EUV lithography allows a more accurate copying
of the mask than the traditional method using the conventional
ultraviolet lithography based on ArF excimer lasers
of the mask than the traditional method using the conventional
ultraviolet lithography based on ArF excimer lasers
EUVL technology (also known as EUV) uses light with a wavelength of 13.5 nm for exposure of silicon wafers, as opposed to the conventional optical lithography using an ArF excimer laser with 193 nm wavelength and requiring expensive mask sets with many designs. The EUV technology enables the application of a single mask to form the required pattern on a silicon wafer layer, while the ArF process may require up to 4 masks to create the equivalent pattern.
Samsung produces chips using 7LPP EUV at S3 factory in Hwaseong, South Korea. The manufacturer does not disclose which companies will first use the chips, but suggests that the first ones will be applied in mobile and HPC devices. Typically, Samsung Electronics makes use of its leading production processes in its own devices, so we can expect 7 nm SoC solutions in flagship Samsung smartphones in 2019. Additionally, Qualcomm will use the new Samsung's technology achievements in mobile Snapdragon 5G chipsets.
Transmission of satellite and terrestrial TV and radio signals via optical links.
DIPOL offers now Signal optical transmitter and receiver devices. The biggest advantage of the devices for TV and radio signal transmission in fiber-optic systems is a competitive price and high quality. It is important the devices cooperate with quatro / quad LNBs. The possibility of connecting a traditional QUATRO LNB to the Signal optical transmitter is one of the most important advantages for installers. This means that the dish and LNB can be setup with the use of a traditional SAT TV meter. Competing systems (e.g. a popular Triax SAT/DVB-T TOU 232 KIT A9880) use LNBs with optical output or with N-type output with 50 ohm impedance. In both cases, the installers use in practice a standard single LNB to adjust the dish, then change it to the dedicated one. Apart from the increased workload, such a change always involves the risk of moving the dish or the LNB position. The application of a QUATRO LNB may also be beneficial in the case of a system failure. In such a situation, the installer has the ability to verify the problem already by the dish.Another advantage of the Signal solution is the application of FC/APC connectors. APC connectors (Angled Physical Contact) minimize reflections of the optical signal. This phenomenon consisting in the return of the signal reflected at the connector to the transmitter and its interference with the transmitted signal may be particularly noticeable in this type of systems due to a considerably short distance between the transmitter and the receiver (as for fiber optic systems).
Signal OTH-2500CW A9810 optical transmitter converts satellite signals from a quad or quatro LNB and terrestrial TV and radio signals from an antenna array (DVB-T, DAB and FM radio signals combined with an RF combiner) into optical signals in Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) system that uses several wavelengths for carrying signals in one optical fiber. The built-in WDM multiplexer enables high-quality transmission in one transmission window using 4 wavelengths (VL: 1510 nm, HL:1530 nm, VH+Terr: 1550 nm, HH: 1570 nm).
Signal ORH-2500CW A9812 converts optical signals distributed via passive optical network from the Signal OTH-2500CW A9810 transmitter into electrical RF signals. The electrical signals are the original SAT IF signals (VL–HL–VH–HH) and DVB-T, DAB, FM signals, provided through five RF outputs. The signals from the "virtual LNB" should be fed to a multiswitch or multiswitch system with the required number of outputs. The signals from the multiswitch outputs are then transmitted to the subscriber outputs via coaxial RF cables. The built-in highly efficient Automatic Gain Control (AGC) ensures stable level of output signals.
An example showing an SMATV optical installation built on the basis of Signal devices enabling the distribution of satellite TV signals, DVB-T digital terrestrial channels and DAB/FM radio signals.
Low-cost IP CCTV system based on Hikvision EasyIP Lite cameras.
Such a system based on Hikvision cameras and NVR is shown in the diagram below. The cameras come from EasyIP Lite series characterized by high image quality and very attractive price. The cameras support typical alarm events such as motion detection and video tampering, as well as offer corridor mode and possibility of defining one Region of Interest (ROI).The facility is monitored by 2 MP cameras with 2.8 mm lenses and IR illuminators with range up to 30 m, made in EXIR 2.0 technology. The outside area of the building is monitored by DS-2CD1023G0-I K17661 compact cameras, whereas the rooms inside the house are equipped with DS-2CD1123G0-I K17262 ceiling cameras. The Seagate 2 TB HDD M89271 installed in the Hikvision DS-7608NI-K2 K22074 IP NVR can store the surveillance data from all the cameras for 11 days (continuous recording with 2 MP resolution at 25 fps, H.265 video compression, 2 Mbps per channel). All the cameras are powered from the N29982 PoE switch. A wireless router, e.g. TP-Link C2 AC900 N3261, allows the users to get access to the NVR via the local network and Wi-Fi.
IP CCTV system based on EasyIP Lite cameras
How to set up the near focus limit in Hikvision PTZ cameras?
PTZ cameras can be used for monitoring both near and far zones. Thanks to high zooming factors, the imaging can have the appropriate quality (pixels per meter). However, to avoid focusing on objects which are closer than other of interest, it is necessary to set up a minimum focusing distance. This will eliminate the situation when the camera provides a sharp image of a close object, but the images of the further objects are blurred.
Multi-system high-speed PTZ camera Hikvision DS-2AE4225TI-D M75931
In Hikvision PTZ cameras, the near focus limit is set by the "FOCUS LIMIT" parameter. The available settings are 1 cm, 30 cm, 1 m, 3 m, 5 m and AUTO.
Ideal twisted pair cable for indoor applications.
When using cables inside buildings, a special attention should be paid to the requirements concerning reaction of the wiring to fire. Dedicated types of insulation, for example LS0H or LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) polymers, are safe when exposed to fire. In comparison with PVC and PE, they do not produce harmful and toxic substances (halogens), and also do not generate such large amounts of smoke. The use of cables in LSZH coatings is very often a requirement of fire regulations in large buildings, residential, commercial and public ones.NETSET cables are compliant with CPR directive and EN 50575 standard that classifies the reaction of cables to fire, along with additional criteria characterizing smoke production, occurrence of flaming droplets/particles and acidity of combustion and thermal decomposition products.
The NETSET BOX U/UTP CAT 5e E1414 cable is the highest-quality twisted pair cable designed for professional data transmission systems inside buildings (structural wiring, LANs). The sheath of the cable is made of LSZH material.
![CAT 5e UTP Cable: NETSET BOX U/UTP 5e [305m] (indoor, Dca-s1,d2,a1)](https://static.dipol.com.pl/images/en/pict/e1414_305++.jpg)
NETSET BOX U/UTP CAT 5e E1414 indoor cable (Dca-s1,d2,a1)
Reaction to fire: Dca - s1, d2, a1
- Flame spread: Dca
- Smoke production: s1
- Flaming droplets: d2
- Gases acidity: a1
Thanks to the fulfillment of such high criteria, the twisted pair cable is used in buildings with increased fire resistance requirements, including such parts as corridors, staircases, escape routes.
Types of optical splitters.
In the case of a passive optical network (PON), the signal is divided into a number of optical channels (paths) with the use of optical splitters. The splitters usually divide the signal in a symmetrical way (with the same attenuation at each output) into 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 paths.The splitters are manufactured in two different technologies:
- FBT (Fused Biconical Taper) - the process consists of placing two or more fibers adjacent to each other, then fusing and stretching them to create a central coupling region. The fibers are then drawn out according to the output branch and ratio. The technology is cheap, but the devices are larger and less reliable compared with PLC solutions, including problems with equal splitting.
- PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) - splitters based on optical chips, manufactured using lithography onto a silica glass substrate, which allows for routing specific percentages of light. The chip consists of three layers - the substrate, waveguide, and lid. The waveguide layer receives the incoming optical signal and passes it through to the outputs. The compact designs provide equal splitter ratios applicable to all branches, enhanced stability across all ratios, and superior quality with a low failure rate compared to FBT technology.
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1x4 Ultimode L36041 PLC splitter mounted in a distribution box. The splice tray located in the small box has a suitable place for the optical splitter.
 | Ceiling IP Camera Hikvision DS-2CD1743G0-I K17435 is dedicated for professional IP CCTV systems. The ceiling camera has been equipped with high quality 4 MP 1/3" CMOS sensor providing good video coverage even in low-light conditions. Along with IR illuminator with range up to 30 m, made in EXIR 2.0 technology, the camera can also operate in complete darkness. The built-in 2.8-12 mm varifocal lens allows for changing the viewing angle within 98°-28° range. The IP67-rated housing of the camera protects the electronics against adverse weather conditions. The camera can be powered conventionally from a 12 VDC source or with the use of PoE option (802.3af). | |
 | Compact IP Camera Hikvision DS-2CD2045FWD-I K17594 is dedicated for IP CCTV systems. The camera has been equipped with 1/2.5" CMOS sensor with 4 MP resolution and with IR illuminator ensuring good image quality without visible lighting within the range up to 30 m. The built-in 2.8 mm lens has 109° viewing angle. The camera can operate outdoors or indoors. Its housing with high ingress protection rating (IP67) protects the electronics against adverse weather conditions. The camera can be powered with a 12 VDC power source or via PoE (802.3af). | |
 | Ceiling IP Camera Hikvision DS-2CD1323G0-I K17253 is dedicated for IP CCTV systems. The camera has been equipped with 1/2.8" CMOS sensor with 2 MP resolution and with IR illuminator made in EXIR 2.0 technology, ensuring good image quality without visible lighting within the range up to 30 m. The built-in 2.8 mm lens has 103° viewing angle. The camera can operate outdoors or indoors. Its housing with high ingress protection rating (IP67) protects the electronics against adverse weather conditions. The camera can be powered with a 12 VDC power source or via PoE (802.3af). | |
Worth reading
Power supply and video through one cable in the HD-TVI system. Power over Coaxial (PoC) is a method of transmitting video and power supply via the same coaxial cable. In HD-TVI systems, PoC is the analogy to PoE (Power over Ethernet) in IP CCTV. One coaxial cable is sufficient for proper operation, and no additional accessories are needed. Thanks to PoC, the installation of HD-TVI systems is much faster and cheaper... >>>more
HDMI cables, switchers, splitters, extenders - SIGNAL HD
