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No. 38/2014 (Nov. 24, 2014)
IEEE supports the development of EPON.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is engaged in standardization of construction of electronic devices and measurement methods, including compatibility issues, standards for communication formats etc. Lately, it has announced the implementation of three new procedures for the IEEE 1904.1 (SIEPON - Standard for Service Interoperability in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks) including compatibility tests of devices used in EPON networks. The new set of tests has been designed to verify the cooperation of active network components from different manufacturers. The verification is to identify compliance issues of OLTs (Optical Line Termination), used by operators to provide services via optical networks, and of ONU terminals (Opcital Network Termination), installed at the entrances to buildings or in apartments, depending on the concept. But the most important issue is the verification of compliance between OLTs and ONUs in a single network. A lack of compatibility between these elements has so far been one of the main factors impeding the development of EPON networks.EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) is one of the most popular optical access networks. The services provided in this way are used by more than 100 million subscribers. These systems support a variety of service packages for businesses and individuals, including IPTV, VoIP telephony, data transmission and interconnection systems of mobile operators.
Passive optical networks (PON) belong to the group of modern solutions enabling to provide interactive multimedia services of the highest quality. EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) architecture is based on point-to-multipoint distribution of the services, with splitting of the optical signals. Today, the data rates reach 1.25 Gbps. The passive network does not need any additional power supply - the active equipment is deployed only in the terminal nodes.
Although the deployment of EPON networks is not easy, it is an attractive platform for service providers due to the possibility of sharing the cost of the network and central office among a large number of subscribers. By eliminating the active elements (requiring power supply) between the OLT and ONU units, the operating costs are the lowest among the current solutions of optical access networks.
Although the deployment of EPON networks is not easy, it is an attractive platform for service providers due to the possibility of sharing the cost of the network and central office among a large number of subscribers. By eliminating the active elements (requiring power supply) between the OLT and ONU units, the operating costs are the lowest among the current solutions of optical access networks.
SMATV system based on cascadable multiswitches.
The scope of the project for a multifamily building was SMATV system providing DVB-T and SAT signals (from two satellite positions, Hot Bird and Astra) to each of the 36 antenna outlets ( R694100 ), received by one, master antenna set. The antenna set installed on the roof of the building consists of the TRIAX 115 TD A9646 satellite dish and Dipol 44/21-69 Tri Digit A2670 UHF DVB-T antenna. The signals are carried by 9 gel-filled coaxial cables TRISET-113 PE E1017 over a distance of 30 meters to the SS-904 R70523 TV/SAT splitters, to form 3 subnetworks distributing the signals to apartments located in 3 staircases. Below there is the diagram of the SMATV system designed with the use of SatNet software.
Building amplifier TERRA HA-210 R82305
TERRA MS-9xx multiswitches have passive path of terrestrial TV. Due to the fact that the tap loss is 19 dB, the DVB-T signals are usually amplified by an additional building/launch amplifier.
Quality confirmed once again!
The products offered by DIPOL are periodically tested by certified testing laboratories. This time, such tests were applied to a number of twisted-pair cables and were conducted by Telecommunications Equipment Testing Laboratory of the National Institute of Telecommunications in Warsaw, Poland. The results of the tests show that the NETSET cables fulfill all requirements for their respective categories, with large safety margins.
Technical opinion (Expert Opinion) of the National Institute of Telecommunications in Warsaw, Poland
The tested cables:
![CAT 5e UTP Cable: NETSET U/UTP 5e [1m], indoor](https://static.dipol.com.pl/images/en/pict/e1408_1_.gif) | ![Cat5e Shielded Cable: NETSET BOX F/UTP 5e [1m], outdoor](https://static.dipol.com.pl/images/en/pict/e1517_1_.gif) | ![CAT 6 Cable: NETSET BOX U/UTP 6 (indoor) [1m]](https://static.dipol.com.pl/images/en/pict/e1608_1_.gif) |
NETSET BOX U/UTP 5e E1408 (indoor cable) | NETSET BOX F/UTP 5e E1517 (shielded outdoor cable) | NETSET U/UTP cat.6 E1608 (indoor cable) |
One of the key parameters for the transmission quality is Near End Cross Talk (NEXT). This parameter shows the ability of a twisted-pair cable to suppress interfering signals coming from external electromagnetic fields. The measurements of the NEXT parameters of the tested cables are shown in the table below, results of all tests are available in the data sheet of each cable.
| Cable | Pair-to-pair | NEXT [dB] |
| F/UTP cat. 5e | 1 - 2 | 40.9 |
| 1 - 3 | 42.1 | |
| 1 - 4 | 41.8 | |
| 2 - 3 | 42.4 | |
| 2 - 4 | 40.6 | |
| 3 - 4 | 43.7 | |
| UTP cat. 5e | 1 - 2 | 43.5 |
| 1 - 3 | 47.9 | |
| 1 - 4 | 45.3 | |
| 2 - 3 | 44.9 | |
| 2 - 4 | 47.8 | |
| 3 - 4 | 41.4 | |
| Required | - | ≥34.0 |
| UTP cat. 6 | 1 - 2 | 49.1 |
| 1 - 3 | 51.0 | |
| 1 - 4 | 51.3 | |
| 2 - 3 | 52.2 | |
| 2 - 4 | 49.4 | |
| 3 - 4 | 52.1 | |
| Required | ≥39.3 |
 |  |
ULTIMODE ILB-4SM-A Four G.657A1 fibers L7104 | ULTIMODE ILB-2SM-A Two G.657A1 fibers L7102 |
The construction of optical cables for applications in existing shafts and tubing (as opposed to fiber optic cable trays installed in new buildings) should additionally protect the optical fibers against mechanical damage at the installation stage, while still ensuring high flexibility.
DIPOL offers optical cables with rectangular cross-section of the jacket plus built-in FRP reinforcing rods that naturally limit the bending capability in one plane to a safe bending radius range. This also prevents twisting and looping the cable, which usually results in micro-cracks. The single-mode version uses G.657A1 fibers with minimum bending radius reduced to 30 mm, considerably lower than in the case of the popular G.652D fibers.
 | View of the structure of a flat FTTH cable: 1. Single-mode G.657A1 fibers 2. FRP rod 3. LSZH jacket (UV-resistant) |
Cables with reduced bending radius are lightweight, highly compact and very robust, both in the case of longitudinal tension and crushing.
Extending the capabilities of an alarm control panel.
One of the basic parameters of a control panel which should be taken into account at the stage of its selection is the number of inputs and outputs. There are control panels that may meet general expectations of the user, but have too small number of inputs/outputs on the motherboard. However, they can be successfully applied in combination with expansion modules. In some situations the user e.g. wants install only one panel to protect the home and garage located at a certain distance. In this case, it is convenient to mount the G2232 expansion module directly in the garage. This significantly facilitates the installation of the system.
An example of an alarm system with the SATEL INT-E zone expansion module
In the case of seven sensors and the keyboard installed in the garage, it is sufficient to use the SATEL INT-E zone expansion module connected with the control panel via one communication bus. It eliminates 8 pairs of wires that should have been installed instead. This solution allows to reduce the number of wires in the alarm system and improves its integrity. The information about the status of the sensors connected to the expander is transmitted to the control panel over the communication bus.
IP cameras with local recording of video on SD cards.
The users of systems based on IP cameras equipped with SD cards do not need to buy NVRs or install software on their PCs - both the live images and the playback of the archives from SD cards are available via a web browser, from any place with decent Internet connectivity. Sunell cameras have adjustable bandwidth of the recorded data stream so that the user (administrator) can choose a satisfactory option.
Most Sunell IP cameras are equipped with SD card slots,
which allows for deploying cheap but fully functional IP CCTV systems
which allows for deploying cheap but fully functional IP CCTV systems
The following table provides information on the available recording times depending on the bandwidth of the data stream and the capacity of the SD card used.
| 16 GB | 32 GB | 64 GB | |
| 1 Mbps | 1.5 days | 3 days | 6 days |
| 2 Mbps | 18 hours | 1.5 days | 3 days |
| 3 Mbps | 12 hours | 1 day | 2 days |
| 4 Mbps | 9 hours | 18 hours | 1.5 days |
 | Compact IP Camera Sunell SN-IPR54/03AQDN/B K1672 - outdoor camera intended for professional IP CCTV systems. Its 1/3" CMOS Aptina image sensor with resolution of 1280x720 pixels and sensitivity of 0.1 lx provides detailed images even in low-light conditions and, with IR ON, in complete darkness. Built-in lens: 3.6mm @ F1.2. The vandal-proof metal housing with IP66 rating effectively protects the device against any acts of willful destruction, as well as from harmful weather conditions such as rain, snow or dust. | |
 | Ceiling IP Camera Hikvision DS-2CD2732F-I K1738 comes from a new series of Hikvision products - HiWatch. This series of low-budget devices, IP cameras and IP NVRS, is dedicated for anyone who wants to build low-cost high-resolution IP CCTV system. The DS-2CD2732F-I ceiling camera has been equipped with high quality 3 MP CMOS sensor providing perfect video even in low-light conditions. | |
 | HDD Western Digital PURPLE WD10PURX 1TB (3.5", SATA3/600, 64MB) has been designed for use in CCTV systems operating in 24/7 mode. The PURPLE series offers superior performance, high capacity and long-term reliability. The drive can work non-stop in systems processing and recording audio and video, especially in professional CCTV systems, on any platform (NAS systems, PCs, standalone DVRs). | |
Worth reading
IP video surveillance system with fiber optic cabling - equipment selection. The following diagram shows a proposal for the implementation of a video monitoring system composed of seven outdoor IP cameras deployed in an industrial plant. The installation of this type of systems based on fiber optic cabling requires some knowledge and experience... more
Video streams from five 1.3 MP Hikvision K1763 cameras are transmitted via outdoor UTP cable E1410 to Ultipower N29983 PoE switch that also provides power for the cameras. Other two cameras ( K1764 ), located at large distance from the rest, are locally connected to the Ultipower N29980 switch. This second, distant switch is connected with the first one via a single-mode optical link that includes Ethernet media converter L1301 and two SFP modules, L1415 and L1416. The video streams are recorded by an NVR connected to the N29983 switch (the devices are located in the security post). Additionally, the surveillance data is provided via a multimode optical link to the corporate local network (over a distance of 350 meters). The link uses two L1402 SFP modules that have been installed in the N29983 and N29958 switches.
900 TVL analog CCTV cameras
