No. 27/2014 (Sept. 8, 2014)
New record of data transmission rate in optical fiber.
The most powerful and still most promising transmission medium are optical fibers. At the current level of knowledge and technology electrical cables cannot provide transmission speeds greater than 10 Gbps. Optical fibers offer significantly larger opportunities and each year the border is shifted upwards.
The latest record has been set by scientists from the Technical University of Denmark. They were able to reach the speed of 43 Tbps in a single channel transmission. So far, greater data rates have been achieved only by multichannel systems with the use of multiple laser transmitters, too expensive for commercial purposes. It is worth noting that the Danish researchers used only one laser transmitter and a specially designed cable. Their solution is economically feasible and can be implemented commercially.
Successive records of data transmission speed in fiber optic cables
Year | Effective data transmission rate | Number of WDM channels | Transfer rate per channel | Distance |
2009 | 15 Tb/s | 155 | 100 Gb/s | 90 km |
2010 | 69.1 Tb/s | 432 | 171 Gb/s | 240 km |
2011 | 26 Tb/s | 1 | 26 Tb/s | 50 km |
2011 | 101 Tb/s | 370 | 273 Gb/s | 165 km |
2012 | 1.05 Pb/s | 12J cable | - | 52.4 km |
2014 | 43 Tb/s | 7J cable | 43 Tb/s | 67 km |
The achievement of such a high speed was possible by the use of fiber optic cable produced in multi-core technology by NTT company from Japan. Its special design allows for transferring data over several cores at the same time. An important feature of the new optical solution is that the multiple cores fit in a standard-size cable. The Danish researchers used cable with seven cores. With the attenuation of 0.2 dB / km, they were able to transmit data over a distance of 67 km.
Based on the data presented by Cisco, the average annual increase in global network traffic will be 66% by 2017. The largest share of this growth will have mobile devices (blue parts of the bars). This forecast strongly motivates researchers to look for more efficient ways of data transmission.
MMH-3000 Headend - the selection of digital modules.
MMH-3000 headends from TERRA are used in SMATV systems for distribution of television broadcasts, both satellite and terrestrial channels. Additionally, the MD-331 R81713 module can encode and distribute local "private" audio-video signals coming from CCTV cameras or any media players. This encoder converts the analog signals into MPEG-2 coded transport streams. The transport streams can then be fed into the TRX-360 R81709 DVB-T modulator (COFDM) and distributed in the RF network as channels of a DVB-T multiplex.The multiplex can also include several satellite channels provided by the RDC-311 R817102 DVB-S/S2 receiver. The solution is ideal for hotels - there is no need for satellite receivers in rooms.
Modules used in digital hotel headends based on the MMH-3000 platform:
Three A/V signals ⇒ one DVB-T multiplex
One DVB-S/S2 transponder ⇒ one DVB-T multiplex
Eight channels from up to six DVB-S/S2 transponders ⇒ one DVB-T multiplex
The TRX-360 R81709 encoder and modulator has 6 inputs for feeding MPEG-2 TS streams. The digital data streams can be provided by RDC-311 R817102, RDC-313 R81710, or DM-313 R81712 receiver modules. The user can remultiplex the streams, i.e. select interesting channels and place them in the output multiplex in DVB-T standard - max 7-8 SD channels chosen from up to 6 transponders. Each RDC-311 R817102 module receives and converts DVB-S/S2 (QPSK/8PSK) signals into MPEG2 TS from a whole satellite transponder and feeds the stream to one of the inputs of the TRX-360 R81709 modulator.
Components of F&Home Intelligent Building System.
F&HOME Radio Intelligent Building systems, regardless of the degree of the complexity of the tasks performed, usually have the same configuration. The heart of each F&Home RADIO system is the server maintaining communication with wireless modules, local area network, the Internet, and a cellular network (via an external 3G modem). The server stores and executes the managing application for control of all elements of the system. It also collects data from sensors, processes the data according to a program, provides output data for visualization. The unit has a web server, real time clock and system operation control. Its circuits are characterized by very low power consumption (typ. 4 W) and noiseless operation. The server is programmed via LAN or WAN network with the use of free visual application - WiHome Configurator.
The F&Home rH-SERWER F1001 is the management and communication center of the whole system
The categories of the F&Home Radio system elements:
- physical elements:
- sensors - collect information about physical conditions in the building, such as temperature, humidity, or about such facts as presence of people (e.g. motion detection), state of the contacts/buttons etc., and send the information to the server
- actuators - modules that control various devices such as lamps, heaters, water valves, electrical outlets, garage door, shutters; they carry out commands from the server (power on/off or regulated)
- nonphysical elements:
- events - pieces of information from sensors such as temperature change, motion detection etc.
- states and logic - the server is programmed (procedure) to react in the case of specific events (or state changes - such as the time of day); the consequence of the logic of the system are commands
- commands - transmitted from the server to the actuators - containing information on the required state of these elements
Sensors and actuators do not contain logic or memory. The whole logic of the system is contained in the server. Each sensor and actuator is represented in the form of a virtual object within the server. With the dedicated software, the user can establish any logical relationships between elements of the system. The modules communicate only with the server, using wireless links. The modules can be divided into several groups, taking into consideration communication method (one-way or two-way), power supply method (battery or AC line), mounting method (standalone, mounted in a box or on DIN rail). Each module is provided with detailed technical documentation and description of the installation. The information from any source (sensor) is processed by the server according to the implemented algorithm. The result (command) is transmitted via predetermined transmission channel to appropriate actuator. The actuator uses the command to control the connected electrical device. The whole network is based on star topology.
More information on the F&Home system can be found here
More information on the F&Home system can be found here
Optical video converters - PTZ control.
All models of Ultimode video converters can transfer RS485 data, e.g. control signals for PTZ cameras. The transmission does not require any additional configuration, it is only important to properly connect the wiring and employ typical ready-to-use resources of CCTV systems implemented in PTZ cameras, DVRs, keyboards or other control devices.
The optical video converter transmits video signal from the PTZ camera to the DVR
and control signals in the opposite direction
and control signals in the opposite direction
The requirements for the communication between a control unit or DVR and a PTZ camera:
- connection between the RS485 interface of the video transmitter and the PTZ camera (with two wires, "+" and "-")
- setting DIP switches the address of the PTZ camera and the type and speed of serial data transmission
- in the control unit or in DVR select the same parameters for the camera with the preset address
The most common reason for the lack of communication between a PTZ camera and the control unit or DVR is inappropriate configuration of the transmission protocol on one or two sides of the link. It is necessary to set on both sides the same protocol and data rate. The most common protocol is PELCO-D or PELCO-P, with data rate of 9600 bps.
Video converter ULTIMODE V-024D L2402 - 4 video channels and 1 data channel,
for use with a multimode fiber with length up to 2 km
for use with a multimode fiber with length up to 2 km
ONVIF profiles.
Open Network Video Interface Forum (ONVIF) is aimed at coordinating efforts to set common standards for devices used in IP CCTV and physical access control systems. ONVIF-compliant devices ensure flexibility in building IP video surveillance systems due to interoperability of equipment from various manufacturers. By standardizing the digital interfaces of the IP CCTV devices and unifying compression and transmission of video and audio streams, configuration and control procedures, event handling, alarm inputs and outputs etc., the user is given an easy to manage and uniform platform. Initially, the ONVIF standard had problems with the lack of compatibility between some versions. So, in 2012 the forum introduced the concept of "profiles" that is continuously developed. It allows for easy and effective check of the conformity of products without analyzing technical details. From now on, when a device and client are based on the same profile, they are compliant without a doubt. Currently there are 3 profiles, and next ones are planned in the near future. Below there are short characteristics of the current profiles:
- Profile S addresses common functionalities of IP video systems, i.e. parameters of audio and video streaming between the device (e.g. camera) and client (software app, NVR). The client can configure the audio, video, and data streams, select PTZ protocols, make use of metadata, alarm inputs and relay outputs.

- Profile G focuses on the configuration of recording and searching/playing back the recordings on the client device. It supports operations on video, audio and metadata.

- Profile C allows integration with physical access control systems, addressing interoperability between these systems and network video systems. The client can access information about doors and access points in the system and can configure access control systems. Profile C devices enable door monitoring, access control decisions, alarms, locking and unlocking doors.

Icon menu in Signal HD-200 cameras.
Software designers have created alternative menu of the Signal HD-200 K1810 camera, much different from the "tiled" solution similar to the new Windows. A big advantage of the new design is that the main menu screen provides a large view of the camera image, only with small icons on the right, so there is no need to use "full screen" mode. In order to change the appearance of the camera menu, the user should download and install OCX software and restart the browser. It is possible to return to the older version by downloading the OCX file and performing identical steps, or just enter Upgrade sub-menu and click Change style icon.The new main menu screen of the Signal HD-200 K1810 camera
Customers can test the Signal HD-200 K1810 camera in action via the Internet. The camera monitors a busy street and a parking lot. Logging data: http://31.172.189.236, login: dipol, password: dipol1. The camera can be accessed only via Internet Explorer.
Keystone UTP Module Cat5E (no-tool) J2303 is designed to install unshielded subscriber outlets and crossover points in systems compliant with the ANSI/TIA/EIA 568 Cat.5e, ISO/IEC 11801 and EN 50173 Class D standards. This universal module can be easily mounted in patch panels and wall or floor boxes and plates. | ||
CCTV Network DVR HIKVISION DS-7204HWI-SH M72904 offers recording in WD1 (960x576)/4CIF/2CIF/CIF/QCIF resolution at 25 fps (each channel). The local recording and network transmission uses H.264 compression that provides good image quality with relatively small bandwidth and disk space consumption. A new menu of the DVR has been designed in a manner that helps everyone, even novice users, navigate and make changes to the settings. | ||
Single Computer Outlet GMK-M8-1 R62140 has been equipped with unshielded RJ-45 (8p8c) keystone jack, compliant with cat 5E ( ANSI/TIA/EIA 568 cat.5e, ISO/IEC 11801 and EN 50173 class D). The top-crimped LSA slots are color-coded for easy wiring according to 568A or 568B standard. | ||
Worth reading
Video surveillance of a ground parking lot. The key to effective monitoring of parking lots is the proper selection of cameras and lighting. For effective monitoring of poorly lit parking lots one requires cameras with increased sensitivity, supported by IR illuminators. An example of high quality camera ideal for this purpose is Sunell IRC59/21AKDN M11289. A big advantage of the camera is a mechanical IR cut filter (ICR), the application of which ensures accurate color reproduction in visible light. It eliminates possible problems with identification of colors of the cars on video recordings. Additionally, the Sunell IRC59/21AKDN M11289 model is equipped with a powerful IR illuminator with range up to 50 meters... more