No. 7/2014 (Feb. 17, 2014)
Will Galileo make a start this year?
The European satellite programs, Galileo (navigation system) and Copernicus (Earth observation program) are entering a decisive phase. The European Commission announced the launch into orbit of next six telecommunications satellites, intended to supplement the Galileo global positioning system to allow for operation at the end of this year. Europe is therefore only a step away from creating its own smart satellite navigation system that will boost the economy and provide services to the citizens. In addition, the launch of the first Copernicus satellite is scheduled for March. Copernicus, previously known as GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security), is the European program for Earth observation, especially for an ambitious European project of environmental monitoring. The satellite data obtained by the Copernicus program will be widely used for weather monitoring and forecasting, developing and updating maps, monitoring air and ground pollution.Galileo - the European satellite navigation system is to be the alternative to the American GPS and Russian GLONASS systems. In contrast, it will be controlled by civilian institutions.
Galileo is a joint project of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Commission (EC). The aim of the European Galileo program is to build independent satellite navigation system with the satellite and ground-based infrastructure. The ground infrastructure is to control and maintain the satellites (Ground Control System), as well as manage the whole system (Galileo Mission System). The final satellite fleet is to have 30 orbiting satellites (27 operational and three spare). The launch of the first services based on 14 satellites is expected for the fourth quarter of 2014. For sure, the system will be able to compete with the American GPS and Russian GLONASS systems commonly used by mobile devices. The Galileo system will provide several types of services. Basic services, open for all users, will be free, but less accurate. Commercial services will offer greater accuracy. Another, Search & Rescue service (SAR) will be integrated with already functioning International Cospas-Sarsat Program (a satellite-based search and rescue distress alert detection and information distribution system).
It would seem that everything is on the final straight for the official launch of the system. However, it turns out that potential manufacturers of satellite navigation receivers are worried about the cost-effectiveness of the production, being hampered by license fees. Some solutions used by the system have been registered by France (CNES space agency) and the UK (Ministry of Defence) and are protected by patents. The European Parliament has already asked the governments of both countries to free the patents. The result is yet unknown...
Why mechanical splices are more versatile than mechanical connectors?
Mechanical splices Ultimode L5550 can be used on all cables, single-mode and multimode, of any standard. The necessary condition for the correct splice is the adequate preparation of the joined fibers. In the case of mechanical splices the basic principle is: the fibers must have the same core diameter!
Comparison of a mechanical splice and a mechanical connector:
1. fiber, 2. prepared fiber end, 3. optical gel, 4. pre-assembled ferrule.
1. fiber, 2. prepared fiber end, 3. optical gel, 4. pre-assembled ferrule.
Mechanical connectors have many variants because of specific fiber pieces glued into the ferrules. Each fiber type (OM1 (62.5/125), OM2 i OM3 (50/125), SM (9/125) requires the use of a compatible mechanical connector.
TV in a large hotel complex.
There were three main requirements for the designer: the SMATV system was to cover 5 buildings of the complex, the programming should include all terrestrial DVB-T broadcasts available in the area and 15 satellite channels, the televisions in the hotel rooms and other facilities should be able to receive the whole programming in the form of DVB-T channels, without a need for additional sat receivers.
Diagram of the optical/copper SMATV system distributing the programming (4 terrestrial DVB-T multiplexes and 2 DVB-T multiplexes formed from satellite channels by the MMH-3000 headend) to the five hotel buildings. The signals are combined by the R-2 R60102 splitter (used as a combiner). The combined signals are then split to two paths by another R-2 R60102 splitter, one for the distribution of the signals within the building with the technical room, and the second for conversion into optical form distributed to the rest of the buildings via single-mode fibers.
The reception and distribution of satellite channels is possible through the use of the MMH-3000 headend. The configuration shown in the diagram allows for providing 16 satellite channels from 4 transponders.
The combined terrestrial and satellite channels, in the form of DVB-T multiplexes converted into optical signal, are distributed to the four buildings via single-mode fibers. The conversion is carried out by the TV optical transmitter TERRA mo418 4D31 R82522 with 6 dBm output level that is sufficient for feeding the so414 R82527 4-way optical splitter, installed on the same DIN rail R82538. The optical transmitter and the amplifiers ( R82511 and R82520) are powered from the DR-60-12 R82532 power supply (12 VDC / 4.5 A). The reverse conversion from the optical form into RF signals is made in each building by the TERRA OD-120 R81724 optical nodes. The maximum output level of the RF signals is 113 dBµV, which is suitable for distributing them to dozens of R62200 outlets without a need for additional amplifiers. By the way, such configuration of the network would allow for transmission of the DVB-T signals (in the optical form) over distances up to 12 km.
Time synchronization of IP cameras.
In any IP CCTV system, it is important to synchronize the time of the servers, IP cameras and viewing stations. In IP networks, it is typically the role of external servers and NTP protocol. However, due to security reasons, many IP CCTV systems are not connected directly to the Internet. In these cases, the access to external servers is not possible, and they require to run local NTP servers within the LANs.Sunell IP cameras are supplied with software app called Device Helper Tool. The application should be run on a computer with Internet access. The time is taken from the computer clock that is synchronized with an external server through another LAN. After finding the cameras in the local network, the application automatically synchronizes the time of all cameras at a specified time interval.
Online video from 2MP camera on a town's website.
The Municipal Council of Brzostek, Poland, has modernized the town video surveillance system and its website. Now the website shows live view of the town center in Full-HD resolution. The CCTV system was retrofitted by the instalacje24.org company, which also implemented the video streaming.The video stream is uploaded from Sunell SN-IPC54/14EDN K1634 IP camera compliant with ONVIF standard, offered by DIPOL. The Sony Exmor IMX122 1/2.8" image sensor used in this camera is dedicated for professional applications requiring high image quality in low-light environments. Thanks to H.264 compression, the video stream from the camera operating in 1080p mode does not exceed 2 Mbps.
The online video provided by the SN-IPC54/14EDN K1634 camera - view of the market in Brzostek, with the nineteenth century church in the background
The camera has been installed in an outdoor housing on a mast located close to a pedestrian crossing. The IP to stream is provided to the municipal server via a Cat5 UTP cable, then it is transmitted to a streaming server broadcasting the stream to the Internet. This way, the view of the market is available for Internet users 24 hours a day.
Let us remind that in accordance with EN 60529:2003 defining ingress protection levels, the "IP65" rating means:
- total protection against dust,
- protection against water jets from any direction.
In addition to the high IP rating, the boxes are easy to install, have solid hinges, and the doors can be opened to the left or right side.
Compact camera Sunell IRC13/40ZMDN M11271 comes with a new line of cameras, called Effectus. It has been equipped with Sony Exmor CMOS sensor with resolution of 1.3 MP and can generate video with horizontal resolution of 900 TVL in color mode. The resulting image is characterized by high quality, also in low light. An interesting feature of the camera is the ability to zoom a part of the image without a significant loss of quality, thanks to the use of the appropriate part of the 1.3 MP sensor. | ||
Compact IP camera Sunell SN-IPR54/14APDN K1685 is equipped with Sony Exmor 1/2.8" image sensor with a resolution of 1920x1080 pixels. Each part of the image can be effectively enlarged, both during live monitoring (without impact on the recording of the the full image) and from the recorded material. Thanks to removable IR filter and day/night mode the camera can provide high quality footage in all conditions, including dark places. | ||
LED lighting unit for RACK cabinets R9120411 is used for lighting components, accessories or devices in 19" RACK cabinets. The LED panel is powered from a 230 VAC outlet. It has on/off switch in the upper part. The AC power cord length is 2 m. | ||
New Library titles
Comparison of IP NVRs – Signal & Ultimax. The article describes in detail the technical capabilities of Signal and Ultimax IP NVRs used in IP video surveillance systems (IP CCTV). It also provides a list of compatible IP cameras and a tabular comparison of technical parameters of the different models of the NVRs with the aim of capturing the most important differences... more
The latest
February 10, 2014 - courses for installers. Already this week DIPOL starts a series of training courses for installers. The meetings organized in several cities in Poland will cover issues related to antenna systems, CCTV, IP networks. Due to the growing interest in fiber-optic technology, another subject will be FTTH systems.
Worth reading
Security camera in a home intercom system. Cameras built in intercoms are usually quite simple, without possibility of zooming or adjusting the field of view. Additionally, the locations of the cameras make them naturally vulnerable to vandals, or the view from the cameras can be easily blocked. A good alternative is an independent CCTV camera, e.g. Sunell IRC59/21AP M11286, which eliminates these problems and offers much better image quality... more
A video door entry system with the preview of the image from CCTV camera
on the intercom screen and on a television
on the intercom screen and on a television