English
Polski
Česky
Deutsch
Irish
Magyar
Português
Română
Slovenský
No. 25/2012 (June 18, 2012)
"Junk" bits will not be processed.
A milestone for optical networks can become Bi-PON technology, presented in March by the GreenTouch consortium. Bi-PON or BIPON (Bit interleaved Passive Optical Network) solves the problem of extensive processing of the data distributed in PONs (PON - Passive Optical Network), being even in 99% irrelevant to each customer device, as intended for other subscribers.In the solution proposed by GreenTouch, each client device (ONU - Optical Network Unit) immediately identifies which part of the data is relevant, and does not have to unnecessarily process the rest. This results in up to 30-fold reduction in energy consumption in FTTH (Fiber to the Home) network.
In PON systems, the OLT (Optical Line Termination) at the service provider's site broadcasts signals to all premises sharing multiple fibers (there are not addressing systems, passive optical splitters divide only the power of the beam). The subscriber unit (ONU) receives the whole data stream and must select the relevant data.
This transmission method is called Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and requires energy-intensive processing in the respective ONUs.
This transmission method is called Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and requires energy-intensive processing in the respective ONUs.
BIPON uses innovative transmission protocol, with a new arrangement of the data and a new algorithm for its synchronization and unpacking. With the bit interleaving protocol, each ONU still receives the whole data stream broadcast by the PON, but it can immediately determine which part of the data is intended for other units and may be dropped without heavy processing. The protocol is supported by new ASIC chipsets built into the OLT and the ONUs.
This solution reduces the hardware requirements for ONUs: clock/processing speed, memory capacity, supply voltage/power, which results in a dramatic reduction in energy consumption.
This solution reduces the hardware requirements for ONUs: clock/processing speed, memory capacity, supply voltage/power, which results in a dramatic reduction in energy consumption.
The application of this technology will have the same effect on the Earth's environment as the withdrawal of five hundred thousand road vehicles. GreenTouch consortium has set itself the objective of 1000-fold increase in energetic efficiency of PON networks and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions by 250 million tons per year.
Optical splitter ULTIMODE SP-32B L3632 (split ratio 1:32) used in PON networks
PON (Passive Optical Network) technology uses only passive distribution networks (optical cables and unpowered optical splitters) linking the service provider's central office with the end users, including the "last mile". The active (powered) components of the system are located solely at the central office (Optical Line Termination - OLT) and at the end users' sites (Optical Network Terminations - ONTs). This is the main advantage of GPON technology over existing solutions based on active Ethernet switches.
Depending on the needs of the developers, GPON solutions can be implemented as FTTC (Fiber To The Curb), FTTB (... Building), FTTF (... Floor), and the most expensive but also the most powerful and forward-looking FFTH (... Home) providing the users with virtually unlimited bandwidth.
Depending on the needs of the developers, GPON solutions can be implemented as FTTC (Fiber To The Curb), FTTB (... Building), FTTF (... Floor), and the most expensive but also the most powerful and forward-looking FFTH (... Home) providing the users with virtually unlimited bandwidth.
"Engagingly about Antennas" - 11th edition.
This year's edition of the DIPOL's photo competiotion started on June 1st.The rules of the competition and the pictures sent so far
We invite everyone to participate!
 |  |  |
Radio-active? Andrzej Smolinski | Somewhere in India Henryk Kowalewski | Antenna city Klaudyna Schubert |
DVR with a passive cooling system.
The ATU M71000 DVR may be an optimum choice for users looking for a compromise between high quality and low price. This compact device provides high computing power sufficient for recording 4CIF images at 12 fps. The frame rate can be increased up to 25 fps in the case of recording 2CIF images.
The DVR is ideal for video monitoring systems in homes (such a system has been described in detail in the article: Home CCTV systems), small businesses, shops etc. Despite its low price, the device supports the latest solutions for CCTV systems: H.264 compression, high-capacity SATA drive (up to 2 TB), remote monitoring over web and mobile phones.
The device comes with dedicated software allowing for management of systems composed of several such DVRs.
The latest version has a passive cooling system (no fan - noiseless operation, increased reliability due to elimination of this mechanical component).
The ATU M7100 DVR with an excellent price/quality ratio can handle 4 high-quality analog channels and features most functions typical for professional CCTV systems. With its simple, intuitive graphical menu, easy access to additional functions, stable operation - it can be unhesitatingly recommended for surveillance applications in homes and small businesses.
The owner of the estate manor decided to upgrade the existing antenna system. As the 30 rooms had been equipped with modern televisions with DVB-T tuners, he decided to distribute signals in this digital standard, both from terrestrial transmitters and satellite receivers.
Due to the immediate vicinity of DVB-T transmitter, it has been sufficient to use the Dipol-44/21-69 Tri-Digit ECO A2660 antenna. Aside from 16 terrestrial digital TV channels available from the transmitter, the system distributes 20 satellite TV channels grouped in four "private" DVB-T multiplexes. So, the whole offer for guests includes 6 multiplexes with 36 various TV channels in 4 languages.
 |  |
The configuration of MMH-3000 headend for distribution of 20 satellite DVB-S/S2 channels
in four DVB-T multiplexes
The DVB-S/S2 signals have been converted into DVB-T MUXes by the set of the following modules:
The system has been installed by Dipvision company.
Transmission of video from analog CCTV camera over optical network.
Video converters are active devices that convert analog video signal fed via coaxial cable to a digital optical signal transmitted via optical fiber, and vice versa, at the other end of the optical transmission line. They can also send telemetry data from RS-485 port, one audio channel and alarm signal. In this way, they can extend the range of video transmission and PTZ control up to 20 kilometers.
Optical fiber link as a part of an analog CCTV system
The link shown in the former figure supports a PTZ camera. The video and control signals are transmitted through a single multimode fiber. The components of the transmission link are listed below:
- Transmission line Universal cable ULTIMODE UNI-4MM (4xOM2 50/125) L7354 (the length depends on the need, from 100 m to 2 km)
- Transmission line termination Universal mechanical splice KeyQuick10 SC/UPC OM4 50/125 L5733
- Active devices Fiber optic video converter set ULTIMODE V-021D L2102
Optical fiber termination box ULTIMODE TB-04H L5304
Multimode adapter ULTIMODE A-011S L4011
Multimode patch cord ULTIMODE PC-019S (1x SC - 1x SC, 50/125) L30119
- Day/night cameras Sunell SN-BXC59/40CDN M11220 equipped with 1/3" Sony ExView HAD CCD II sensors and the most advanced Effio-S DSP with Sense-Up function (digital slow shutter speed multiplying sensitivity in extremely low-light),
- IR illuminators Redbeam IR40 M1640 with range up to 30 m,
- Outdoor camera housings Marathon MH-806/12 M5406 ensuring full protection of the cameras against any weather conditions,
- DVR TREND 250X04 M72504 capable of recording 4 CIF images.
24/7 monitoring of green spaces requires to use
highly sensitive cameras and separate IR illuminators
highly sensitive cameras and separate IR illuminators
The application of separate IR illuminator(s) eliminates problems caused by insects in summertime. In the case of compact cameras with built-in illuminators, the insects flying around them are responsible for strong reflections of light which degrade image quality.
IP CCTV system in low light environment.
CMOS cameras have become much more popular than those with CCD sensors. This is due to a significantly lower price. So, who needs the more expensive CCD cameras? The answer is simple - anyone who uses cameras in low light conditions. The increased sensitivity of CCD cameras is the result of the construction of their sensors not burdened with additional circuitry limiting light access.
An example of a camera that can operate in very low light is Sunell SN-IPC54/50DN K1620 - IP CCD camera capable of capturing HD 720p video. Thanks to the high sensitivity (0.2 lx, the sensitivity of similar CMOS cameras is 1 lx), the camera can capture decent images in difficult lighting conditions even without an IR illuminator. Local storage on SD card protects the user against data loss in the case of LAN failure. Thanks to the compatibility with ONVIF 1.02 protocol, the video stream from the camera can be recorded on low-cost NVRs, such as Signal NVR3216 K4416 that can support up to 16 IP cameras.
Mobile 3G router.
The TP-Link TL-MR3040 3G/3.75G mobile router enables quick creation of a wireless/wired network allowing access to the Internet via a 3G/3.75G network. This may be especially important during traveling, in places without access to AC power network, where more than one device should be connected to the Internet at the same time. The device is battery-operated, so it does not need an external power supply. The router allows wireless transmission speed up to 150 Mbps (802.11n) and LAN connectivity (Ethernet) up to 100 Mbps. Communication with the Internet via a 3G/3.75G network is done through the USB interface which has to be connected to a suitable 3G/3.75G modem. The rechargeable battery can be charged via USB micro interface from the included AC/DC adapter.Thanks to built-in rechargeable battery, the router is perfect for travelers wanting to distribute Internet connection to multiple devices.
Typical application of the TP-LINK 3G TL-MR3040 router
New products offered by DIPOL:
 |  |  |
Worth reading:
Multiswitch system with bus topology for 60 dual outlets (for PVRs). The contract involved the design and installation of SMATV system for reception and distribution of satellite signals from Astra and Hotbird, and digital terrestrial broadcasts (DVB-T) in a building with 60 apartments. The building has three staircases, each for 20 apartments that should be equipped with FM/TV/SAT-TV outlets with two satellite sockets. Due to the layout of the building, the installation company has chosen bus topology with subscriber lines connected to the junction box located in the basement of each staircase...
The draft of the building to be equipped with the SMATV system
Two-channel mobile DVR with GPS and vehicle speed recording. Rising insurance premiums and fuel prices, dangerous driving situations and collisions which sometimes have to be examined in courts - all these factors prompt drivers of private cars and owners of transportation companies to install video monitoring systems in their vehicles. The optimal solution is the use of Protect 802 M70802. Protect 802 M70802 is a mobile device (for indoor applications, typically inside vehicles) combining two cameras and DVR capable of recording high-resolution video (1280x480 from both cameras - side by side) and audio, plus GPS data and 3D accelerometer readings that can be displayed in the form of charts using three axes...
What to do when a typical AP is not sufficient? Typical wireless APs have output power of 19-20 dBm. The approximate area of coverage provided by such a device can be estimated by applying the rule of three walls and two ceilings (on average, it also depends on the type of walls and ceilings, local interference levels etc). To widen the range of operation, the AP should be changed to a more powerful one, e.g. TP-LINK TL-WA5110G N2945 (High Power, 400 mW), or the existing AP should be connected to an antenna with a higher gain, e.g. TP-LINK TL-ANT2408CL A72715 (8 dBi).
Incomplete WiFi coverage
Green - good signal
Red - low signal
