No. 16/2012 (April 16, 2012)
Gigabit Etherrnet will go to cars.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has announced the formation of a study group to develop a standard for transmission of data at speed of 1 Gbps, with a special requirement: fewer wires than Gigabit Ethernet needs.The current 1000BASE-T standard, 1 Gbps over copper cable, requires four pairs of wires. The major clients of the group, automotive and aerospace industries, believe that it is too much and will unnecessarily burden the vehicles they produce, increasing production costs and fuel consumption during operation.
Fast Ethernet is currently entering some cars to transmit multimedia and information concerning security, including video from rear view cameras, and to control various systems. Such signals cannot be transmitted wirelessly due to the risk of interference in harsh environments.
There is a first success of developers working on solutions dedicated for in-car applications. Broadcom has developed a system for transmission at data rates of up to 100 Mbps with the use of two wires (a popular 100Base-TX requires 4 wires, i.e. two pairs). The developer of this solution, Broadcom, has been supported by OPEN (One-Pair Ether-Net) Alliance Special Interest Group, bringing together companies such as BMW, Hyundai, Bosch and other manufacturers of components for cars. Cars with this solution will be produced as early as next year.
Autonomous cars are in the test phase. In March, such tests were conducted in California
- blind Steve Mahan moved through the streets of Santa Clara in Google driverless car
- blind Steve Mahan moved through the streets of Santa Clara in Google driverless car
The works on a thin-cable version of Gigabit Ethernet are to reduce the space taken by the cabling and the vehicle weight, which also translates into lower fuel consumption. But the most important functionality that will be based on the efficient transmission systems is the ability of self-driving.
The vast amount of information concerning the location and environmental conditions has to be efficiently gathered and processed, to give appropriate commands to all systems responsible for moving the vehicle. So, gigabit transmission system in a car is not a whim of ambitious constructors, but the basis for driving without human intervention.
In February, the state of Nevada issued guidelines for companies that want to test autonomous vehicles on public roadways. In March, similar tests were conducted in California - blind Steve Mahan moved through the streets of Santa Clara in Google driverless car.
The vast amount of information concerning the location and environmental conditions has to be efficiently gathered and processed, to give appropriate commands to all systems responsible for moving the vehicle. So, gigabit transmission system in a car is not a whim of ambitious constructors, but the basis for driving without human intervention.
In February, the state of Nevada issued guidelines for companies that want to test autonomous vehicles on public roadways. In March, similar tests were conducted in California - blind Steve Mahan moved through the streets of Santa Clara in Google driverless car.
Video monitoring systems in vehicles.
Professional monitoring systems in vehicles should be based on special mobile digital video recorders mounted on a permanent basis. A device specially designed for use in vehicles is the 4-channel mobile DVR MDR4204 M85006.MDR4204 M85006 is a 4-channel mobile digital video recorder for use in buses, urban buses, vans, corporate vehicles, tracks and various special vehicles. It can record D1 video (both in the case of a single channel and 4 channels simultaneously, which is sufficient even for a 360 degree monitoring of the vehicle's interior and exterior) at frame rate up to 25 fps. High recording frame rate is important for monitoring moving objects: at 50 kmph a vehicle travels a distance of 13 meters.

Mobile DVR MDR4204 M85006 records video from 4 cameras at 25 fps,
as well as the vehicle speed and the driver's work time
as well as the vehicle speed and the driver's work time
The device has been specially designed to show increased resistance to vibration and shock. Its built-in heater and fan in connection with temperature control ensure adequate working conditions. The included cables allow the integration of device with the electrical system of the car and recording of basic information about the maneuvers (braking, turning etc).
A monitor connected to the DVR can display live video from the cameras (e.g. from a rear view camera), as well as can be used for browsing archives.
The data is recorded on a SATA 2.5'' HDD, e.g. an SSD type with increased resistance to shock and vibration, high humidity levels, low temperatures. One-hour D1 recording takes about 1.35 GB. The backup can be performed through the USB port (by connecting a USB flash drive or USB HDD). Another way is provided by network adapter enabling direct connection with a PC. With this network module the user can also review archives and configure the DVR. The recorder can be also accessed using Internet Explorer or client application.
How to create "private" DVB-T multiplexes composed of satellite channels?
TERRA MMH-3000 headend offers the ability to create digital multiplexes (DVB-T or DVB-C) that can be composed of any satellite channels, even from different transponders and satellites.As compared to most competitive solutions, Terra headend allows for more efficient use of bandwidth and channel capacity.
The set of RDC-311 R817102 and TRX-360 R81709 modules converts satellite channels into a DVB-T multiplex. Each of the RDC-311 R817102 modules receives a selected satellite transponder. The whole transponder is fed to the TRX-360 R81709 module allowing the administrator to select channels that are to be placed in the DVB-T multiplex. The TRX-360 has six the MPEG-TS inputs. The administrator should remember about the maximum bitrate at the output of the DVB-T modulator in the TRX-360 module (ca. 31 Mbps). It usually translates into 8 SD channels.
The RDC-311 R817102 module has been equipped with PCMCIA slot for a Common Interface module, which allows for reception and decoding of encrypted channels.
The principle of selection of the Terra MMH-3000 modules for converting DVB-S/S2 broadcasts to DVB-T multiplexes is as follows:
- the number of the RDC-311 R817102 modules is the same as the number of received satellite transponders,
- the number of TRX-360 R81709 modules is the same as the total number of SD channels divided by 8; one TRX-360 can operate together with maximum six RDC-311,
- the number of the UC-380 R81700 base units is equal to the total number of all modules divided by 8.

The configuration of the modules used to convert DVB-S/S2 channels into DVB-T multiplex
Rack adapter for ULTIMODE media converters.
ULTIMODE L5215 19-inch rack adapter has been designed for housing media converters. It provides power supply for up to 14 units and is fully compliant with 19" RACK standard. Due to double power supply (redundancy) and forced ventilation (fans), the adapter ensures trouble-free continuous work of the media converters.Redundant power supplies are a reliable solution for applications that require continuous operation. Each of the power supplies can be replaced without interrupting operation of the media converters (power sharing). Damage to the power supply is indicated by the LED located on the panel and by an audible alarm. Each slot is equipped with individual power connector, so any media converter can be changed without interrupting operation of the rest of the system. Installation of media converters in the adapter takes a few minutes. The adapter is suitable for housing any media converters from ULTIMODE family.

Installation of media converters in the adapter
1 - An ULTIMODE media converter with mounting plate 2 - Empty ULTIMODE L5215 adapter 3 - The adapter with a set of ULTIMODE media converters | |
The image stabilization is obtained by adequate processing of image frames by the signal processor. The data from the image sensor are analyzed for detecting and measuring the motion of the camera body. The DIS algorithms can significantly improve image quality.
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Image blurring caused by vibrations (DIS OFF) | ... corrected by DIS function |
The four IP cameras (see the picture below) connected to the TL-SF1008P N29930 switch are powered via twisted pair cables with 48 VDC voltage, from the suitable ports (marked PoE). The switch automatically detects devices using IEEE 802.3af standard and supplies power. The switch has priority function which helps protect main functions of the system in case of overloading. The maximum power consumption (by all the PoE devices) cannot exceed 53 W. In case of overloading, the switch will cut off the power to devices connected to ports with lower priority.

An example of using PoE function (ports 1-4) of the TL-SF1008P N29930 switch
The other four ports are connected to IP devices with their own power supplies, such as NVR (recording video streams from the cameras), a PC for monitoring the system, IP phone (that can be also used for alarm purposes). To provide remote access to the cameras and NVR, the LAN has to be connected to the Internet, using e.g. TP-Link TD-8816 N2906 router.
For this purpose, it is enough to press and hold RESET button located on the rear panel, for about 6-10 seconds (of course while the device is operating). The device will reboot to the factory settings (during all operations the device must be permanently connected to the power supply). Then, the setup process has to be carried out from the beginning.

Rear view of a TP-LINK device
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(source: ibm.com)
(source: ibm.com)
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