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No. 16/2008 (April 28, 2008)
Agreement on reduction of license fees or another monopoly? Many new technologies have not become popular because of bad marketing policy and high license fees imposed by the owners of the patents.
To avoid such a failure in the case of one of the most important technology that awaits implementation - Long Term Evolution (LTE) - several telco giants have signed agreement on common policy in the levels of license fees.
According to the alliance, the purpose of the agreement are lower costs for independent manufacturers of terminals. The cost of license should not exceed 10% of the total cost of mobile phone, or 10 USD in the case of utilizing the technology in a laptop.
The arrangement has been signed by: Alcatel-Lucent, L.M. Ericsson, NEC Corp., NextWave Wireless Inc., Nokia Corp., Nokia Siemens Networks, and Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications.
The companies that have not joined the initiative include Qualcomm, Nortel and Motorola. They state that there are adequate international agreements on intellectual property, so that no additional arrangements are required.
Meanwhile, the license fees for W-CDMA technology (the basis of 3G transmissions) are ca 1.5% of the price of a terminal. So, the question is whether the initiative will really help to develop the market.
The issue is very important for development of telecommunications, as the LTE technology is to be the successor to UMTS and its modifications, creating 4G mobile communication systems.
Wireless 4G networks should allow to transmit data to moving terminals at speed up to 100Mbps, and up to 1Gbps for fixed locations.
To avoid such a failure in the case of one of the most important technology that awaits implementation - Long Term Evolution (LTE) - several telco giants have signed agreement on common policy in the levels of license fees.
According to the alliance, the purpose of the agreement are lower costs for independent manufacturers of terminals. The cost of license should not exceed 10% of the total cost of mobile phone, or 10 USD in the case of utilizing the technology in a laptop.
The arrangement has been signed by: Alcatel-Lucent, L.M. Ericsson, NEC Corp., NextWave Wireless Inc., Nokia Corp., Nokia Siemens Networks, and Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications.
The companies that have not joined the initiative include Qualcomm, Nortel and Motorola. They state that there are adequate international agreements on intellectual property, so that no additional arrangements are required.
Meanwhile, the license fees for W-CDMA technology (the basis of 3G transmissions) are ca 1.5% of the price of a terminal. So, the question is whether the initiative will really help to develop the market.
The issue is very important for development of telecommunications, as the LTE technology is to be the successor to UMTS and its modifications, creating 4G mobile communication systems.
Wireless 4G networks should allow to transmit data to moving terminals at speed up to 100Mbps, and up to 1Gbps for fixed locations.
Greater bandwidth will make one more breakthrough in telecommunications, among others, it will allow to popularize TV/video transmission
Some problems of optimal alignment of satellite dishes. Installers of "n" platform (Poland) often have problems with proper reception from its transponders. In the case of the platform the main reason is use of 8PSK modulation that requires higher C/N ratio. Yet, the C/N ratio for "n" transponders is comparatively low, because the neighboring satellite (W7) is only 6o away from Hotbird, interfering the "n" broadcasts. Despite the fact that satellite dishes have only about 3o half-power beams, side lobs may be the reason for deterioration of the useful signal. The simplest solution that may help in this situation is to slightly turn the dish eastward.
Amplification of weak antenna signals. In low-signal areas it is recommended to employ both antenna preamplifier and the main amplifier.
The preamplifier is low-noise active RF device located as close as possible to the antenna, or (the best solution) directly at its terminals. The noise figure is usually not greater than 2 dB, the gain about 10 dB. Preamplifiers have single inputs and are powered via antenna cable. They solve the problem of reception of low-level signals, especially when there is a need of using long cables between the antenna and the indoor amplifier.
The AWS-03AF B1019 set consists of two-input antenna amplifier (40-230 MHz, 470-860 MHz), two-output preamplifier designed for putting into UHF antenna box (usually the weak signals are received in this band) with 10 dB gain, and AC/DC adapter (stabilized 12VDC output, max 100mA).
The maximal amplification of the paths is 38 dB in UHF band and 28 dB in VHF band, with -16 dB adjustment range in both bands.
The preamplifier is low-noise active RF device located as close as possible to the antenna, or (the best solution) directly at its terminals. The noise figure is usually not greater than 2 dB, the gain about 10 dB. Preamplifiers have single inputs and are powered via antenna cable. They solve the problem of reception of low-level signals, especially when there is a need of using long cables between the antenna and the indoor amplifier.
The AWS-03AF B1019 set consists of two-input antenna amplifier (40-230 MHz, 470-860 MHz), two-output preamplifier designed for putting into UHF antenna box (usually the weak signals are received in this band) with 10 dB gain, and AC/DC adapter (stabilized 12VDC output, max 100mA).
The maximal amplification of the paths is 38 dB in UHF band and 28 dB in VHF band, with -16 dB adjustment range in both bands.
View of the B1019 set - the power supply and preamplifier (not shown in the picture - see the whole link) are included
ULTIMAX - DVR for demanding customers - intelligent motion detection saves disk space. Most of DVRs available on the market trigger recording of all channels irrespective of in which channel the motion has been detected. It wastes a lot of disc space for saving unimportant information. ULTIMAX family has much more sophisticated implementation of motion detection. For every camera there can be defined pre-alarm (0 to 30 s) and post-alarm (5 s to 10 min.) periods when the channel is also recorded.
There can be defined trigger parameters:
- schedule of active motion detection function
- days of the week
- time periods within a day (max. 4 cycles per day),
- motion area - possibility of defining any area built with squares - total 396 (22x18),
- motion sensitivity (0 - 5),
- logical functions with the states of alarm inputs.
The operator can define system reaction to motion detected in each channel independently:
- appoint the cameras from which the recording starts,
- define alarm outputs (1 to 4) that should be activated,
- enable notification of the operator by sound alarm,
- activate notification of the operator by OSD information - the DVR will display the channel in which the motion has been detected. If there are more cameras with motion being detected at the moment, the DVR will display the image one by one, for 10 s each. After the alarm/s cease, the DVR will return to normal monitoring mode.
- enable notification of the headquarters/operator of ULTIMAX Client program.
Such automation of the processes allows to relieve the surveillance stuff of excessive duties, improving general reliability of the system.
Home CCTV systems. Owner of a one-family house has previously installed alarm system, but he also would like to verify false alarms and know about any strange people around the house. Especially he would like to watch people standing in front of the gateway. The system should also provide quality images at night.
The installation company has used day/night cameras SN-468C M11202 that are very sensible in low light and allow night operation as well. The cameras have been placed in outdoor housings - Marathon MH-805/12 M5405.
The images from the cameras are recorded by 8-channel DVR, CPD505 M85075, capable of network operation. With the use of TP-Link ADSL router (Annex A) TD-W8910G N2901 (integrated with 4-port switch and Access Point), it has been possible to configure DDNS client and get remote access to the images from the cameras via typical ADSL service with dynamically assigned IP address.
Thanks to IR remote control of the DVR, the device can be placed in special case that protects it from unauthorized access.
Due to use of modulator, the images from the cameras can be viewed on any TV set in the home, and the DVR can be controlled from the places via remote control extenders - R93109 and R93112.
The cameras and heaters are powered from M18287 power supply, from one central point. Both transmission of the signals and powering of the cameras are ensured by CCTV cable - M5997 YAR PE 75-0.59/3.7+2x0.50 (two power wires).
The installation company has used day/night cameras SN-468C M11202 that are very sensible in low light and allow night operation as well. The cameras have been placed in outdoor housings - Marathon MH-805/12 M5405.
The images from the cameras are recorded by 8-channel DVR, CPD505 M85075, capable of network operation. With the use of TP-Link ADSL router (Annex A) TD-W8910G N2901 (integrated with 4-port switch and Access Point), it has been possible to configure DDNS client and get remote access to the images from the cameras via typical ADSL service with dynamically assigned IP address.
Thanks to IR remote control of the DVR, the device can be placed in special case that protects it from unauthorized access.
Due to use of modulator, the images from the cameras can be viewed on any TV set in the home, and the DVR can be controlled from the places via remote control extenders - R93109 and R93112.
The cameras and heaters are powered from M18287 power supply, from one central point. Both transmission of the signals and powering of the cameras are ensured by CCTV cable - M5997 YAR PE 75-0.59/3.7+2x0.50 (two power wires).
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After the system has been implemented, the owner can peacefully go on vacation and see via the Internet what happens about his/her house. False alarms can be easily verified.
IP CCTV devices with Dual Stream. CCTV devices (cameras, videoservers) equipped with Dual Stream function improve functionality of the system through possibility of transmitting two different streams. The same device can transmit higher quality MJPEG images to the recording server, whereas lower quality MPEG-4 stream is transmitted to remote clients.
Dual Stream function has been implemented e.g. in PiXORD cameras - P412 K1331 and P410 K1231, and in PiXORD video server - P4504 K2132.
Dual Stream function has been implemented e.g. in PiXORD cameras - P412 K1331 and P410 K1231, and in PiXORD video server - P4504 K2132.
CCTV devices (cameras, videoservers) equipped with Dual Stream function improve functionality of the system through possibility of transmitting two different streams
Megapixel surveillance technology in Hortpark, Singapore. IP technology, more and more popular in video surveillance systems, has practically monopolized monitoring of dispersed locations, where it is impossible to build cable systems.
An example can be extensive park or other open area. In Hortpark in Singapore such a system is based on wireless IP network and high resolution cameras. The cameras employed in the system - ACTi ACM-1231 (K1511) and its counterpart in dome housing - ACM-3411, provide to the monitoring center images of 1.3 Mpix resolution at 8 fps. Due to MPEG-4 compression it is possible to transmit high quality images of required parameters via wireless network (each camera generates traffic below 3 Mbps).
An example can be extensive park or other open area. In Hortpark in Singapore such a system is based on wireless IP network and high resolution cameras. The cameras employed in the system - ACTi ACM-1231 (K1511) and its counterpart in dome housing - ACM-3411, provide to the monitoring center images of 1.3 Mpix resolution at 8 fps. Due to MPEG-4 compression it is possible to transmit high quality images of required parameters via wireless network (each camera generates traffic below 3 Mbps).
Video monitoring system in Hortpark, Singapore
MAC Clone function in routers. This function enables the user to change the original MAC address of the router at WAN port. The feature is very useful when the user wants to connect next computer/s to the existing network, using one IP address. In many cases Internet service providers filter the subscribers according to MAC addresses of their computers (or equivalent devices) and assign adequate IP addresses. That's why installing a router that replaces the computer (via WAN port), the user has to swap the MAC address of the router with that of the computer (being registered by the ISP provider).
In the case of TP-Link routers, the swap is made in the Network >> MAC Clone submenu.
In the case of TP-Link routers, the swap is made in the Network >> MAC Clone submenu.
Swapping original MAC address of WAN port with MAC Clone function
Description of application windows:
- WAN MAC Address - current MAC address of WAN port of the router. In can be changed manually by entering new number from the computer's keyboard,
- Restore Factory MAC - this option restores default MAC address of the router's WAN port,
- Your PC`s MAC Address - MAC address of the NIC of the computer used for configuration of the router,
- Clone MAC Address - after the function has been selected, the MAC address of the NIC (from the neighboring field) copies to the field of the router.
More on configuration of routers (example router - TP-Link TL-WR542G N2950 - you can read in DIPOL's Library: How to configure a router?
We have written about:
IP PTZ cameras used in wireless CCTV systems. A quick increase in sales of PTZ IP cameras is the result of wide application of wireless systems. Use of unlicensed 5 GHz band is fully sufficient both in towns and in industrial plants. It eliminates ground works and allows to build the systems very quickly...
- archive DWR of Feb. 25, 2008
PoE adapter with leads for LANs. The PoE set N9205 contains two passive devices shown in the picture. They are equipped with RJ-45 and 2.1/5.5mm (power) connectors, and prepared for work with majority of popular WLAN devices...
- archive DWR of Sept. 17, 2007
Home and business Wi-Fi networks - applications of TP-Link family. ... Version 2.
Sharing of broadband access to the Internet:
The connection is provided by the ISP (cable TV, DSL, or other operator) via Ethernet interface (it may be for example cable modem with RJ-45 socket). The user will need a router equipped with WAN port (RJ-45 socket)...
- Library
Index of published issues.
IP PTZ cameras used in wireless CCTV systems. A quick increase in sales of PTZ IP cameras is the result of wide application of wireless systems. Use of unlicensed 5 GHz band is fully sufficient both in towns and in industrial plants. It eliminates ground works and allows to build the systems very quickly...
- archive DWR of Feb. 25, 2008
PoE adapter with leads for LANs. The PoE set N9205 contains two passive devices shown in the picture. They are equipped with RJ-45 and 2.1/5.5mm (power) connectors, and prepared for work with majority of popular WLAN devices...
- archive DWR of Sept. 17, 2007
Home and business Wi-Fi networks - applications of TP-Link family. ... Version 2.
Sharing of broadband access to the Internet:
The connection is provided by the ISP (cable TV, DSL, or other operator) via Ethernet interface (it may be for example cable modem with RJ-45 socket). The user will need a router equipped with WAN port (RJ-45 socket)...
- Library
Index of published issues.
